trayo dharmaskandhā yajño'dhyayanaṁ dānamiti prathamastapa eva dvitīyo brahmacāryācāryakulavāsī tṛtīyo'tyantamātmānamācāryakule'vasādayansarva ete puṇyalokā bhavanti brahmasaṁstho'mṛtatvameti ॥ 1 ॥
oṅkārasyopāsanavidhyarthaṁ trayo dharmaskandhā ityādyārabhyate । naivaṁ mantavyaṁ sāmāvayavabhūtasyaivodgīthādilakṣaṇasyoṅkārasyopāsanātphalaṁ prāpyata iti ; kiṁ tarhi, yatsarvairapi sāmopāsanaiḥ karmabhiścāprāpyaṁ tatphalamamṛtatvaṁ kevalādoṅkāropāsanātprāpyata iti । tatstutyarthaṁ sāmaprakaraṇe tadupanyāsaḥ । trayaḥ trisaṅkhyākā dharmasya skandhāḥ dharmaskandhāḥ dharmapravibhāgā ityarthaḥ ; ke te iti, āha — yajñaḥ agnihotrādiḥ, adhyayanaṁ saniyamasya ṛgāderabhyāsaḥ, dānaṁ bahirvedi yathāśakti dravyasaṁvibhāgo bhikṣamāṇebhyaḥ, iti eṣaḥ prathamaḥ dharmaskandhaḥ gṛhasthasamavetatvāt tannirvartakena gṛhasthena nirdiśyate ; prathamaḥ eka ityarthaḥ, dvitīyatṛtīyaśravaṇāt na ādyārthaḥ । tapa eva dvitīyaḥ ; tapa iti kṛcchracāndrāyaṇādi tadvān tāpasaḥ parivrāḍvā, na brahmasaṁsthaḥ āśramadharmamātrasaṁsthaḥ, brahmasaṁsthasya tu amṛtatvaśravaṇāt ; dvitīyaḥ dharmaskandhaḥ । brahmacārī ācāryakule vastuṁ śīlamasyetyācāryakulavāsī । atyantaṁ yāvajjīvam ātmānaṁ niyamaiḥ ācāryakule avasādayan kṣapayan dehaṁ tṛtīyaḥ dharmaskandhaḥ । atyantamityādiviśeṣaṇānnaiṣṭhika iti gamyate । upakurvāṇasya svādhyāyagrahaṇārthatvāt na puṇyalokatvaṁ brahmacaryeṇa । sarva ete trayo'pyāśramiṇaḥ yathoktairdharmaiḥ puṇyalokā bhavanti ; puṇyo loko yeṣāṁ ta ime puṇyalokā āśramiṇo bhavanti । avaśiṣṭastvanuktaḥ parivrāṭ turīyaḥ brahmasaṁsthāḥ brahmaṇi samyaksthitaḥ, so'mṛtatvaṁ puṇyalokavilakṣaṇamamaraṇabhāvamātyantikam eti, na āpekṣikam , devādyamṛtatvavat , puṇyalokātpṛthak amṛtatvasya vibhāgakaraṇāt ॥
yadi ca puṇyalokātiśayamātramamṛtatvamabhaviṣyat , tataḥ puṇyalokatvādvibhaktaṁ nāvakṣyat । vibhaktopadeśācca ātyantikamamṛtatvamiti gamyate । atra ca āśramadharmaphalopanyāsaḥ praṇavasevāstutyarthaḥ, na tatphalavidhyarthaḥ, stutaye ca praṇavasevāyāḥ, āśramadharmaphalavidhaye ca, iti hi bhidyeta vākyam । tasmātsmṛtiprasiddhāśramaphalānuvādena praṇavasevāphalamamṛtatvaṁ bruvan praṇavasevāṁ stauti । yathā pūrṇavarmaṇaḥ sevā bhaktaparidhānamātraphalā, rājavarmaṇastu sevā rājyatulyaphaleti — tadvat । praṇavaśca tatsatyaṁ paraṁ brahma tatpratīkatvāt ।
‘etaddhyevākṣaraṁ brahma etaddhyevākṣaraṁ param’ (ka. u. 1 । 2 । 16) ityādyāmnānātkāṭhake, yuktaṁ tatsevāto'mṛtatvam ॥
atra āhuḥ kecit — caturṇāmāśramiṇāmaviśeṣeṇa svadharmānuṣṭhānātpuṇyalokatā ihoktā jñānavarjitānām ‘sarva ete puṇyalokā bhavanti’ iti । nātra parivrāḍavaśeṣitaḥ ; parivrājakasyāpi jñānaṁ yamā niyamāśca tapa eveti ; tapa eva dvitīya ityatra tapaḥ — śabdena parivrāṭtāpasau gṛhītau । atasteṣāmeva caturṇāṁ yo brahmasaṁsthaḥ praṇavasevakaḥ so'mṛtatvametīti caturṇāmadhikṛtatvāviśeṣāt , brahmasaṁsthatve'pratiṣedhācca, svakarmacchidre ca brahmasaṁsthatāyāṁ sāmarthyopapatteḥ । na ca yavavarāhādiśabdavat brahmasaṁsthaśabdaḥ parivrājake rūḍhaḥ, brahmaṇi saṁsthitinimittamupādāya pravṛttatvāt । na hi rūḍhiśabdā nimittamupādadate । sarveṣāṁ ca brahmaṇi sthitirupapadyate । yatra yatra nimittamasti brahmaṇi saṁsthitiḥ, tasya tasya nimittavato vācakaṁ santaṁ brahmasaṁsthaśabdaṁ parivrāḍekaviṣaye saṅkoce kāraṇābhāvāt niroddhumayuktam । na ca pārivrājyāśramadharmamātreṇāmṛtatvam , jñānānarthakyaprasaṅgāt । pārivrājyadharmayuktameva jñānamamṛtatvasādhanamiti cet , na, āśramadharmatvāviśeṣāt । dharmo vā jñānaviśiṣṭo'mṛtatvasādhanamityetadapi sarvāśramadharmāṇāmaviśiṣṭam । na ca vacanamasti parivrājakasyaiva brahmasaṁsthasya mokṣaḥ, nānyeṣām iti । jñānānmokṣa iti ca sarvopaniṣadāṁ siddhāntaḥ । tasmādya eva brahmasaṁsthaḥ svāśramavihitadharmavatām , so'mṛtatvametīti ॥
na, karmanimittavidyāpratyayayorvirodhāt । kartrādikārakakriyāphalabhedapratyayavattvaṁ hi nimittamupādāya idaṁ kuru idaṁ mā kārṣīḥ iti karmavidhayaḥ pravṛttāḥ । tacca nimittaṁ na śāstrakṛtam , sarvaprāṇiṣu darśanāt ।
‘sat . . . . . ekamevādvitīyam’ (chā. u. 6 । 2 । 1) ‘ātmaivedaṁ sarvam’ (chā. u. 7 । 26 । 2) ‘brahmaivedaṁ sarvam’ iti śāstrajanyaḥ pratyayo vidyārūpaḥ svābhāvikaṁ kriyākārakaphalabhedapratyayaṁ karmavidhinimittamanupamṛdya na jāyate, bhedābhedapratyayayorvirodhāt । na hi taimirikadvicandrādibhedapratyayamanupamṛdya timirāpagame candrādyekatvapratyaya upajāyate, vidyāvidyāpratyayayorvirodhāt । tatraivaṁ sati yaṁ bhedapratyayamupādāya karmavidhayaḥ pravṛttāḥ, sa yasyopamarditaḥ
‘sat . . . ekamevādvitīyam’ (chā. u. 6 । 2 । 1) ‘tatsatyam’ (chā. u. 6 । 8 । 7) ‘vikārabhedo'nṛtam’ (chā. u. 6 । 1 । 4) ityetadvākyapramāṇajanitenaikatvapratyayena, sa sarvakarmabhyo nivṛttaḥ, nimittanivṛtteḥ ; sa ca nivṛttakarmā brahmasaṁstha ucyate ; sa ca parivrāḍeva, anyasyāsambhavāt , anyo hi anivṛttabhedapratyayaḥ so'nyatpaśyañśṛṇvanmanvāno vijānannidaṁ kṛtvedaṁ prāpnuyāmiti hi manyate । tasyaivaṁ kurvato na brahmasaṁsthatā, vācārambhaṇamātravikārānṛtābhisandhipratyayavattvāt । na ca asatyamityupamardite bhedapratyaye satyamidamanena kartavyaṁ mayeti pramāṇaprameyabuddhirupapadyate — ākāśa iva talamalabuddhirvivekinaḥ । upamardite'pi bhedapratyaye karmabhyo na nivartate cet , prāgiva bhedapratyayānupamardanādekatvapratyayavidhāyakaṁ vākyamapramāṇīkṛtaṁ syāt । abhakṣyabhakṣaṇādipratiṣedhavākyānāṁ prāmāṇyavat yuktamekatvavākyasyāpi prāmāṇyam , sarvopaniṣadāṁ tatparatvāt । karmavidhīnāmaprāmāṇyaprasaṅga iti cet , na, anupamarditabhedapratyayavatpuruṣaviṣaye prāmāṇyopapatteḥ svapnādipratyaya iva prākprabodhāt । vivekināmakaraṇāt karmavidhiprāmāṇyoccheda iti cet , na, kāṁyavidhyanucchedadarśanāt । na hi, kāmātmatā na praśastetyevaṁ vijñānavadbhiḥ kāṁyāni karmāṇi nānuṣṭhīyanta iti, kāṁyakarmavidhaya ucchidyante, anuṣṭhīyanta eva kāmibhiriti ; tathā brahmasaṁsthairbrahmavidbhirnānuṣṭhīyante karmāṇīti na tadvidhaya ucchidyante, abrahmavidbhiranuṣṭhīyanta eveti । parivrājakānāṁ bhikṣācaraṇādivat utpannaikatvapratyayānāmapi gṛhasthādīnāmagrihotrādikarmānivṛttiriti cet , na, prāmāṇyacintāyāṁ puruṣapravṛtteradṛṣṭāntatvāt — na hi, nābhicarediti pratiṣiddhamapyabhicaraṇaṁ kaścitkurvandṛṣṭa iti, śatrau dveṣarahitenāpi vivekinā abhicaraṇaṁ kriyate । na ca karmavidhipravṛttinimitte bhedapratyaye bādhite agnihotrādau pravartakaṁ nimittamasti, parivrājakasyeva bhikṣācaraṇādau bubhukṣādi pravartakam । ihāpyakaraṇe pratyavāyabhayaṁ pravartakamiti cet , na, bhedapratyayavato'dhikṛtatvāt । bhedapratyayavān anupamarditabhedabuddhirvidyayā yaḥ, sa karmaṇyadhikṛta ityavocāma ; yo hi adhikṛtaḥ karmaṇi, tasya tadakaraṇe pratyavāyaḥ ; na nivṛttādhikārasya, gṛhasthasyeva, brahmacāriṇo viśeṣadharmānanuṣṭhāne । evaṁ tarhi sarvaḥ svāśramasthaḥ utpannaikatvapratyayaḥ parivrāḍiti cet , na, svasvāmitvabhedabuddhyanivṛtteḥ, karmārthatvācca itarāśramāṇām —
‘atha karma kurvīya’ (bṛ. u. 1 । 4 । 17) iti śruteḥ । tasmāt svasvāmitvābhāvāt bhikṣureka eva parivrāṭ , na gṛhasthādiḥ । ekatvapratyayavidhijanitena pratyayena vidhinimittabhedapratyayasyopamarditatvāt yamaniyamādyanupapattiḥ parivrājakasyeti cet , na, bubhukṣādinā ekatvapratyayātpracyāvitasyopapatteḥ, nivṛttyarthatvāt । na ca pratiṣiddhasevāprāptiḥ, ekatvapratyayotpatteḥ prāgeva pratiṣiddhatvāt । na hi rātrau kūpe kaṇṭake vā patitaḥ udite'pi savitari patati tasminneva । tasmāt siddhaṁ nivṛttakarmā bhikṣuka eva brahmasaṁstha iti । yatpunaruktaṁ sarveṣāṁ jñānavarjitānāṁ puṇyalokateti — satyametat । yaccoktaṁ tapaḥśabdena parivrāḍapyukta iti — etadasat । kasmāt ? parivrājakasyaiva nivṛttabhedapratyayasya brahmasaṁsthatāsambhavāt । sa eva hi avaśeṣita ityavocāma । ekatvavijñānavato'gnihotrādivattaponivṛtteśca । bhedabuddhimata eva hi tapaḥkartavyatā syāt । etena karmacchidre brahmasaṁsthatāsāmarthyam , apratiṣedhaśca pratyuktaḥ । tathā jñānavāneva nivṛttakarmā parivrāḍiti jñānavaiyarthyaṁ pratyuktam । yatpunaruktaṁ yavavarāhādiśabdavatparivrājake na rūḍho brahmasaṁsthaśabda iti, tatparihṛtam ; tasyaiva brahmasaṁsthatāsambhavānnānyasyeti । yatpunaruktaṁ rūḍhaśabdāḥ nimittaṁ nopādadata iti, tanna, gṛhasthatakṣaparivrājakādiśabdadarśanāt । gṛhasthitipārivrājyatakṣaṇādinimittopādānā api, gṛhasthaparivrājakāvāśramiviśeṣe, viśiṣṭajātimati ca takṣeti, rūḍhā dṛśyante śabdāḥ । na yatra yatra nimittāni tatra tatra vartante, prasiddhyabhāvāt । tathā ihāpi brahmasaṁsthaśabdo nivṛttasarvakarmatatsādhanaparivrāḍekaviṣaye'tyāśramiṇi paramahaṁsākhye vṛtta iha bhavitumarhati, mukhyāmṛtatvaphalaśravaṇāt । ataścedamevaikaṁ vedoktaṁ pārivrājyam , na yajñopavītatridaṇḍakamaṇḍalvādiparigraha iti ;
‘muṇḍo'parigraho'saṅgaḥ’ (jā. u. 5) iti ca । śrutiḥ
‘atyāśramibhyaḥ paramaṁ pavitram’ (śve. u. 6 । 21) ityādi ca śvetāśvatarīye ;
‘nistutirnirnamaskāraḥ’ (mo. dha. 242 । 9) ityādismṛtibhyaśca ;
‘tasmātkarma na kurvanti yatayaḥ pāradarśinaḥ । ’ (mo. dha. 241 । 7)‘tasmādaliṅgo dharmajño'vyaktaliṅgaḥ’ (aśva. 46 । 51) (va. 10 । 12) ityādismṛtibhyaśca ॥
yattu sāṅkhyaiḥ karmatyāgo'bhyupagamyate, kriyākārakaphalabhedabuddheḥ satyatvābhyupagamāt , tanmṛṣā । yacca bauddhaiḥ śūnyatābhyupagamāt akartṛtvamabhyupagamyate, tadapyasat , tadabhyupagantuḥ sattvābhyupagamāt । yacca ajñairalasatayā akartṛtvābhyupagamaḥ, so'pyasat , kārakabuddheranivartitatvātpramāṇena । tasmāt vedāntapramāṇajanitaikatvapratyayavata eva karmanivṛttilakṣaṇaṁ pārivrājyaṁ brahmasaṁsthatvaṁ ceti siddham । etena gṛhasthasyaikatvavijñāne sati pārivrājyamarthasiddham ॥
nanu agnyutsādanadoṣabhāksyāt parivrajan —
‘vīrahā vā eṣa devānāṁ yo'grimudvāsayate’ (tai. saṁ. 1 । 5 । 2) iti śruteḥ, na, daivotsāditatvāt , utsanna eva hi sa ekatvadarśane jāte —
‘apāgādagneragnitvam’ (chā. u. 6 । 4 । 1) iti śruteḥ । ato na doṣabhāk gṛhasthaḥ parivrajanniti ॥