sarvasyaiva gītāśāstrasya arthaḥ asmin adhyāye upasaṁhṛtya sarvaśca vedārtho vaktavyaḥ ityevamarthaḥ ayam adhyāyaḥ ārabhyate । sarveṣu hi atīteṣu adhyāyeṣu uktaḥ arthaḥ asmin adhyāye avagamyate । arjunastu saṁnyāsatyāgaśabdārthayoreva viśeṣabubhutsuḥ uvāca —
arjuna uvāca —
saṁnyāsasya mahābāho tattvamicchāmi veditum ।
tyāgasya ca hṛṣīkeśa pṛthakkeśiniṣūdana ॥ 1 ॥
saṁnyāsasya saṁnyāsaśabdārthasya ityetat , he mahābāho, tattvaṁ tasya bhāvaḥ tattvam , yāthātmyamityetat , icchāmi vedituṁ jñātum , tyāgasya ca tyāgaśabdārthasyetyetat , hṛṣīkeśa, pṛthak itaretaravibhāgataḥ keśiniṣūdana keśināmā hayacchadmā kaścit asuraḥ taṁ niṣūditavān bhagavān vāsudevaḥ, tena tannāmnā sambodhyate arjunena ॥ 1 ॥
saṁnyāsatyāgaśabdau tatra tatra nirdiṣṭau, na nirluṭhitārthau pūrveṣu adhyāyeṣu । ataḥ arjunāya pṛṣṭavate tannirṇayāya bhagavān uvāca —
śrībhagavānuvāca —
kāmyānāṁ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaṁ saṁnyāsaṁ kavayo viduḥ ।
sarvakarmaphalatyāgaṁ prāhustyāgaṁ vicakṣaṇāḥ ॥ 2 ॥
kāmyānām aśvamedhādīnāṁ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaṁ saṁnyāsaśabdārtham , anuṣṭheyatvena prāptasya anuṣṭhānam , kavayaḥ paṇḍitāḥ kecit viduḥ vijānanti । nityanaimittikānām anuṣṭhīyamānānāṁ sarvakarmaṇām ātmasambandhitayā prāptasya phalasya parityāgaḥ sarvakarmaphalatyāgaḥ taṁ prāhuḥ kathayanti tyāgaṁ tyāgaśabdārthaṁ vicakṣaṇāḥ paṇḍitāḥ । yadi kāmyakarmaparityāgaḥ phalaparityāgo vā arthaḥ vaktavyaḥ, sarvathā parityāgamātraṁ saṁnyāsatyāgaśabdayoḥ ekaḥ arthaḥ syāt , na ghaṭapaṭaśabdāviva jātyantarabhūtārthau ॥
tyājyaṁ doṣavadityeke karma prāhurmanīṣiṇaḥ ।
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyamiti cāpare ॥ 3 ॥
tyājyaṁ tyaktavyaṁ doṣavat doṣaḥ asya astīti doṣavat । kiṁ tat ? karma bandhahetutvāt sarvameva । athavā, doṣaḥ yathā rāgādiḥ tyajyate, tathā tyājyam iti eke karma prāhuḥ manīṣiṇaḥ paṇḍitāḥ sāṅkhyādidṛṣṭim āśritāḥ, adhikṛtānāṁ karmiṇāmapi iti । tatraiva yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyam iti ca apare ॥
tatra eteṣu vikalpabhedeṣu —
niścayaṁ śṛṇu me tatra
tyāge bharatasattama ।
tyāgo hi puruṣavyāghra
trividhaḥ samprakīrtitaḥ ॥ 4 ॥
niścayaṁ śṛṇu avadhāraya me mama vacanāt ; tatra tyāge tyāgasaṁnyāsavikalpe yathādarśite bharatasattama bharatānāṁ sādhutama । tyāgo hi, tyāgasaṁnyāsaśabdavācyo hi yaḥ arthaḥ saḥ eka eveti abhipretya āha — tyāgo hi iti । puruṣavyāghra, trividhaḥ triprakāraḥ tāmasādiprakāraiḥ samprakīrtitaḥ śāstreṣu samyak kathitaḥ yasmāt tāmasādibhedena tyāgasaṁnyāsaśabdavācyaḥ arthaḥ adhikṛtasya karmiṇaḥ anātmajñasya trividhaḥ sambhavati, na paramārthadarśinaḥ, ityayamarthaḥ durjñānaḥ, tasmāt atra tattvaṁ na anyaḥ vaktuṁ samarthaḥ । tasmāt niścayaṁ paramārthaśāstrārthaviṣayam adhyavasāyam aiśvaraṁ me mattaḥ śṛṇu ॥ 4 ॥
kaḥ punaḥ asau niścayaḥ iti, āha —
yajñadānatapaḥkarma na tyājyaṁ kāryameva tat ।
yajño dānaṁ tapaścaiva pāvanāni manīṣiṇām ॥ 5 ॥
yajñaḥ dānaṁ tapaḥ ityetat trividhaṁ karma na tyājyaṁ na tyaktavyam , kāryaṁ karaṇīyam eva tat । kasmāt ? yajñaḥ dānaṁ tapaścaiva pāvanāni viśuddhikarāṇi manīṣiṇāṁ phalānabhisandhīnām ityetat ॥ 5 ॥
etānyapi tu karmāṇi
saṅgaṁ tyaktvā phalāni ca ।
kartavyānīti me pārtha
niścitaṁ matamuttamam ॥ 6 ॥
etānyapi tu karmāṇi yajñadānatapāṁsi pāvanāni uktāni saṅgam āsaktiṁ teṣu tyaktvā phalāni ca teṣāṁ parityajya kartavyāni iti anuṣṭheyāni iti me mama niścitaṁ matam uttamam ॥
‘niścayaṁ śṛṇu me tatra’ (bha. gī. 18 । 4) iti pratijñāya,
pāvanatvaṁ ca hetum uktvā, ‘
etānyapi karmāṇi kartavyāni’
ityetat ‘
niścitaṁ matamuttamam’
iti pratijñātārthopasaṁhāra eva,
na apūrvārthaṁ vacanam , ‘
etānyapi’
iti prakṛtasaṁnikṛṣṭārthatvopapatteḥ ।
sāsaṅgasya phalārthinaḥ bandhahetavaḥ etānyapi karmāṇi mumukṣoḥ kartavyāni iti apiśabdasya arthaḥ ।
na tu anyāni karmāṇi apekṣya ‘
etānyapi’
iti ucyate ॥
tasmāt ajñasya adhikṛtasya mumukṣoḥ —
niyatasya tu saṁnyāsaḥ karmaṇo nopapadyate ।
mohāttasya parityāgastāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ॥ 7 ॥
niyatasya tu nityasya saṁnyāsaḥ parityāgaḥ karmaṇaḥ na upapadyate, ajñasya pāvanatvasya iṣṭatvāt । mohāt ajñānāt tasya niyatasya parityāgaḥ — niyataṁ ca avaśyaṁ kartavyam , tyajyate ca, iti vipratiṣiddham ; ataḥ mohanimittaḥ parityāgaḥ tāmasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ mohaśca tamaḥ iti ॥ 7 ॥
kiṁca
duḥkhamityeva yatkarma kāyakleśabhayāttyajet ।
sa kṛtvā rājasaṁ tyāgaṁ naiva tyāgaphalaṁ labhet ॥ 8 ॥
duḥkham iti eva yat karma kāyakleśabhayāt śarīraduḥkhabhayāt tyajet , saḥ kṛtvā rājasaṁ rajonirvartyaṁ tyāgaṁ naiva tyāgaphalaṁ jñānapūrvakasya sarvakarmatyāgasya phalaṁ mokṣākhyaṁ na labhet naiva labheta ॥ 8 ॥
kaḥ punaḥ sāttvikaḥ tyāgaḥ iti, āha —
kāryamityeva yatkarma
niyataṁ kriyate'rjuna ।
saṅgaṁ tyaktvā phalaṁ caiva
sa tyāgaḥ sāttviko mataḥ ॥ 9 ॥
kāryaṁ kartavyam ityeva yat karma niyataṁ nityaṁ kriyate nirvartyate he arjuna, saṅgaṁ tyaktvā phalaṁ ca eva । etat nityānāṁ karmaṇāṁ phalavattve bhagavadvacanaṁ pramāṇam avocāma । athavā, yadyapi phalaṁ na śrūyate nityasya karmaṇaḥ, tathāpi nityaṁ karma kṛtam ātmasaṁskāraṁ pratyavāyaparihāraṁ vā phalaṁ karoti ātmanaḥ iti kalpayatyeva ajñaḥ । tatra tāmapi kalpanāṁ nivārayati ‘phalaṁ tyaktvā’ ityanena । ataḥ sādhu uktam ‘saṅgaṁ tyaktvā phalaṁ ca’ iti । saḥ tyāgaḥ nityakarmasu saṅgaphalaparityāgaḥ sāttvikaḥ sattvanirvṛttaḥ mataḥ abhipretaḥ ॥
nanu karmaparityāgaḥ trividhaḥ saṁnyāsaḥ iti ca prakṛtaḥ । tatra tāmaso rājasaśca uktaḥ tyāgaḥ । katham iha saṅgaphalatyāgaḥ tṛtīyatvena ucyate ? yathā trayo brāhmaṇāḥ āgatāḥ, tatra ṣaḍaṅgavidau dvau, kṣatriyaḥ tṛtīyaḥ iti tadvat । naiṣa doṣaḥ tyāgasāmānyena stutyarthatvāt । asti hi karmasaṁnyāsasya phalābhisandhityāgasya ca tyāgatvasāmānyam । tatra rājasatāmasatvena karmatyāganindayā karmaphalābhisandhityāgaḥ sāttvikatvena stūyate ‘sa tyāgaḥ sāttviko mataḥ’ iti ॥ 9 ॥
yastu adhikṛtaḥ saṅgaṁ tyaktvā phalābhisandhiṁ ca nityaṁ karma karoti, tasya phalarāgādinā akaluṣīkriyamāṇam antaḥkaraṇaṁ nityaiśca karmabhiḥ saṁskriyamāṇaṁ viśudhyati । tat viśuddhaṁ prasannam ātmālocanakṣamaṁ bhavati । tasyaiva nityakarmānuṣṭhānena viśuddhāntaḥkaraṇasya ātmajñānābhimukhasya krameṇa yathā tanniṣṭhā syāt , tat vaktavyamiti āha —
na dveṣṭyakuśalaṁ karma
kuśale nānuṣajjate ।
tyāgī sattvasamāviṣṭo
medhāvī cchinnasaṁśayaḥ ॥ 10 ॥
na dveṣṭi akuśalam aśobhanaṁ kāmyaṁ karma, śarīrārambhadvāreṇa saṁsārakāraṇam , ‘kimanena ? ’ ityevam । kuśale śobhane nitye karmaṇi sattvaśuddhijñānotpattitanniṣṭhāhetutvena ‘mokṣakāraṇam idam’ ityevaṁ na anuṣajjate anuṣaṅgaṁ prītiṁ na karoti ityetat । kaḥ punaḥ asau ? tyāgī pūrvoktena saṅgaphalatyāgena tadvān tyāgī, yaḥ karmaṇi saṅgaṁ tyaktvā tatphalaṁ ca nityakarmānuṣṭhāyī saḥ tyāgī । kadā punaḥ asau akuśalaṁ karma na dveṣṭi, kuśale ca na anuṣajjate iti, ucyate — sattvasamāviṣṭaḥ yadā sattvena ātmānātmavivekavijñānahetunā samāviṣṭaḥ saṁvyāptaḥ, saṁyukta ityetat । ata eva ca medhāvī medhayā ātmajñānalakṣaṇayā prajñayā saṁyuktaḥ tadvān medhāvī । medhāvitvādeva cchinnasaṁśayaḥ chinnaḥ avidyākṛtaḥ saṁśayaḥ yasya ‘ātmasvarūpāvasthānameva paraṁ niḥśreyasasādhanam , na anyat kiñcit’ ityevaṁ niścayena cchinnasaṁśayaḥ ॥
yaḥ adhikṛtaḥ puruṣaḥ pūrvoktena prakāreṇa karmayogānuṣṭhānena krameṇa saṁskṛtātmā san janmādivikriyārahitatvena niṣkriyam ātmānam ātmatvena sambuddhaḥ, saḥ sarvakarmāṇi manasā saṁnyasya naiva kurvan na kārayan āsīnaḥ naiṣkarmyalakṣaṇāṁ jñānaniṣṭhām aśnute ityetat । pūrvoktasya karmayogasya prayojanam anenaiva ślokena uktam ॥ 10 ॥
yaḥ punaḥ adhikṛtaḥ san dehātmābhimānitvena dehabhṛt ajñaḥ abādhitātmakartṛtvavijñānatayā ‘ahaṁ kartā’ iti niścitabuddhiḥ tasya aśeṣakarmaparityāgasya aśakyatvāt karmaphalatyāgena coditakarmānuṣṭhāne eva adhikāraḥ, na tattyāge iti etam arthaṁ darśayitum āha —
na hi dehabhṛtā śakyaṁ tyaktuṁ karmāṇyaśeṣataḥ ।
yastu karmaphalatyāgī sa tyāgītyabhidhīyate ॥ 11 ॥
na hi yasmāt dehabhṛtā,
dehaṁ bibhartīti dehabhṛt ,
dehātmābhimānavān dehabhṛt ucyate,
na vivekī ;
sa hi ‘vedāvināśinam’ (bha. gī. 2 । 21) ityādinā kartṛtvādhikārāt nivartitaḥ ।
ataḥ tena dehabhṛtā ajñena na śakyaṁ tyaktuṁ saṁnyasituṁ karmāṇi aśeṣataḥ niḥśeṣeṇa ।
tasmāt yastu ajñaḥ adhikṛtaḥ nityāni karmāṇi kurvan karmaphalatyāgī karmaphalābhisandhimātrasaṁnyāsī saḥ tyāgī iti abhidhīyate karmī api san iti stutyabhiprāyeṇa ।
tasmāt paramārthadarśinaiva adehabhṛtā dehātmabhāvarahitena aśeṣakarmasaṁnyāsaḥ śakyate kartum ॥ 11 ॥
kiṁ punaḥ tat prayojanam , yat sarvakarmasaṁnyāsāt syāditi, ucyate —
aniṣṭamiṣṭaṁ miśraṁ ca
trividhaṁ karmaṇaḥ phalam ।
bhavatyatyāgināṁ pretya
na tu saṁnyāsināṁ kvacit ॥ 12 ॥
aniṣṭaṁ narakatiryagādilakṣaṇam , iṣṭaṁ devādilakṣaṇam , miśram iṣṭāniṣṭasaṁyuktaṁ manuṣyalakṣaṇaṁ ca, tatra trividhaṁ triprakāraṁ karmaṇaḥ dharmādharmalakṣaṇasya phalaṁ bāhyānekakārakavyāpāraniṣpannaṁ sat avidyākṛtam indrajālamāyopamaṁ mahāmohakaraṁ pratyagātmopasarpi iva — phalgutayā layam adarśanaṁ gacchatīti phalanirvacanam — tat etat evaṁlakṣaṇaṁ phalaṁ bhavati atyāginām ajñānāṁ karmiṇāṁ aparamārthasaṁnyāsināṁ pretya śarīrapātāt ūrdhvam । na tu saṁnyāsināṁ paramārthasaṁnyāsināṁ paramahaṁsaparivrājakānāṁ kevalajñānaniṣṭhānāṁ kvacit । na hi kevalasamyagdarśananiṣṭhā avidyādisaṁsārabījaṁ na unmūlayati kadācit ityarthaḥ ॥ 12 ॥
ataḥ paramārthadarśinaḥ eva aśeṣakarmasaṁnyāsitvaṁ sambhavati, avidyādhyāropitatvāt ātmani kriyākārakaphalānām ; na tu ajñasya adhiṣṭhānādīni kriyākartṛkārakāṇi ātmatvenaiva paśyataḥ aśeṣakarmasaṁnyāsaḥ sambhavati tadetat uttaraiḥ ślokaiḥ darśayati —
pañcaitāni mahābāho
kāraṇāni nibodha me ।
sāṅkhye kṛtānte proktāni
siddhaye sarvakarmaṇām ॥ 13 ॥
pañca etāni vakṣyamāṇāni he mahābāho,
kāraṇāni nirvartakāni ।
nibodha me mama iti uttaratra cetaḥsamādhānārtham ,
vastuvaiṣamyapradarśanārthaṁ ca ।
tāni ca kāraṇāni jñātavyatayā stauti —
sāṅkhye jñātavyāḥ padārthāḥ saṅkhyāyante yasmin śāstre tat sāṅkhyaṁ vedāntaḥ ।
kṛtānte iti tasyaiva viśeṣaṇam ।
kṛtam iti karma ucyate,
tasya antaḥ parisamāptiḥ yatra saḥ kṛtāntaḥ,
karmāntaḥ ityetat ।
‘yāvānartha udapāne’ (bha. gī. 2 । 46) ‘sarvaṁ karmākhilaṁ pārtha jñāne parisamāpyate’ (bha. gī. 4 । 33) iti ātmajñāne sañjāte sarvakarmaṇāṁ nivṛttiṁ darśayati ।
ataḥ tasmin ātmajñānārthe sāṅkhye kṛtānte vedānte proktāni kathitāni siddhaye niṣpattyarthaṁ sarvakarmaṇām ॥ 13 ॥
kāni tānīti, ucyate —
adhiṣṭhānaṁ tathā kartā karaṇaṁ ca pṛthagvidham ।
vividhāśca pṛthakceṣṭā daivaṁ caivātra pañcamam ॥ 14 ॥
adhiṣṭhānam icchādveṣasukhaduḥkhajñānādīnām abhivyakterāśrayaḥ adhiṣṭhānaṁ śarīram , tathā kartā upādhilakṣaṇaḥ bhoktā, karaṇaṁ ca śrotrādi śabdādyupalabdhaye pṛthagvidhaṁ nānāprakāraṁ tat dvādaśasaṅkhyaṁ vividhāśca pṛthakceṣṭāḥ vāyavīyāḥ prāṇāpānādyāḥ daivaṁ caiva daivameva ca atra eteṣu caturṣu pañcamaṁ pañcānāṁ pūraṇam ādityādi cakṣurādyanugrāhakam ॥ 14 ॥
śarīravāṅmanobhiryatkarma prārabhate naraḥ ।
nyāyyaṁ vā viparītaṁ vā pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ ॥ 15 ॥
śarīravāṅmanobhiḥ yat karma tribhiḥ etaiḥ prārabhate nirvartayati naraḥ, nyāyyaṁ vā dharmyaṁ śāstrīyam , viparītaṁ vā aśāstrīyam adharmyaṁ yaccāpi nimiṣitaceṣṭitādi jīvanahetuḥ tadapi pūrvakṛtadharmādharmayoreva kāryamiti nyāyyaviparītayoreva grahaṇena gṛhītam , pañca ete yathoktāḥ tasya sarvasyaiva karmaṇo hetavaḥ kāraṇāni ॥
nanu etāni adhiṣṭhānādīni sarvakarmaṇāṁ nirvartakāni । katham ucyate ‘śarīravāṅmanobhiḥ yat karma prārabhate’ iti ? naiṣa doṣaḥ ; vidhipratiṣedhalakṣaṇaṁ sarvaṁ karma śarīrāditrayapradhānam ; tadaṅgatayā darśanaśravaṇādi ca jīvanalakṣaṇaṁ tridhaiva rāśīkṛtam ucyate śarīrādibhiḥ ārabhyate iti । phalakāle'pi tatpradhānaiḥ sādhanaiḥ bhujyate iti pañcānāmeva hetutvaṁ na virudhyate iti ॥ 15 ॥
tatraivaṁ sati kartāramātmānaṁ kevalaṁ tu yaḥ ।
paśyatyakṛtabuddhitvānna sa paśyati durmatiḥ ॥ 16 ॥
tatra iti prakṛtena sambadhyate । evaṁ sati evaṁ yathoktaiḥ pañcabhiḥ hetubhiḥ nirvartye sati karmaṇi । tatraivaṁ sati iti durmatitvasya hetutvena sambadhyate । tatra eteṣu ātmānanyatvena avidyayā parikalpitaiḥ kriyamāṇasya karmaṇaḥ ‘ahameva kartā’ iti kartāram ātmānaṁ kevalaṁ śuddhaṁ tu yaḥ paśyati avidvān ; kasmāt ? vedāntācāryopadeśanyāyaiḥ akṛtabuddhitvāt asaṁskṛtabuddhitvāt ; yo'pi dehādivyatiriktātmavādī ātmānameva kevalaṁ kartāraṁ paśyati, asāvapi akṛtabuddhiḥ ; ataḥ akṛtabuddhitvāt na saḥ paśyati ātmanaḥ tattvaṁ karmaṇo vā ityarthaḥ । ataḥ durmatiḥ, kutsitā viparītā duṣṭā ajasraṁ jananamaraṇapratipattihetubhūtā matiḥ asya iti durmatiḥ । saḥ paśyannapi na paśyati, yathā taimirikaḥ anekaṁ candram , yathā vā abhreṣu dhāvatsu candraṁ dhāvantam , yathā vā vāhane upaviṣṭaḥ anyeṣu dhāvatsu ātmānaṁ dhāvantam ॥ 16 ॥
kaḥ punaḥ sumatiḥ yaḥ samyak paśyatīti, ucyate —
yasya nāhaṅkṛto bhāvo buddhiryasya na lipyate ।
hatvāpi sa imāṁllokānna hanti na nibadhyate ॥ 17 ॥
yasya śāstrācāryopadeśanyāyasaṁskṛtātmanaḥ na bhavati ahaṅkṛtaḥ ‘
ahaṁ kartā’
ityevaṁlakṣaṇaḥ bhāvaḥ bhāvanā pratyayaḥ —
ete eva pañca adhiṣṭhānādayaḥ avidyayā ātmani kalpitāḥ sarvakarmaṇāṁ kartāraḥ,
na aham ,
ahaṁ tu tadvyāpārāṇāṁ sākṣibhūtaḥ ‘aprāṇo hyamanāḥ śubhro hyakṣarātparataḥ paraḥ’ (mu. u. 2 । 1 । 2) kevalaḥ avikriyaḥ ityevaṁ paśyatīti etat —
buddhiḥ antaḥkaraṇaṁ yasya ātmanaḥ upādhibhūtā na lipyate na anuśayinī bhavati — ‘
idamahamakārṣam ,
tena ahaṁ narakaṁ gamiṣyāmi’
ityevaṁ yasya buddhiḥ na lipyate —
saḥ sumatiḥ,
saḥ paśyati ।
hatvā api saḥ imān lokān ,
sarvān imān prāṇinaḥ ityarthaḥ,
na hanti hananakriyāṁ na karoti,
na nibadhyate nāpi tatkāryeṇa adharmaphalena sambadhyate ॥
nanu hatvāpi na hanti iti vipratiṣiddham ucyate yadyapi stutiḥ । naiṣa doṣaḥ, laukikapāramārthikadṛṣṭyapekṣayā tadupapatteḥ । dehādyātmabuddhyā ‘hantā aham’ iti laukikīṁ dṛṣṭim āśritya ‘hatvāpi’ iti āha । yathādarśitāṁ pāramārthikīṁ dṛṣṭim āśritya ‘na hanti na nibadhyate’ iti । etat ubhayam upapadyate eva ॥
nanu adhiṣṭhānādibhiḥ sambhūya karotyeva ātmā,
‘kartāramātmānaṁ kevalaṁ tu’ (bha. gī. 18 । 16) iti kevalaśabdaprayogāt ।
naiṣa doṣaḥ,
ātmanaḥ avikriyasvabhāvatve adhiṣṭhānādibhiḥ,
saṁhatatvānupapatteḥ ।
vikriyāvato hi anyaiḥ saṁhananaṁ sambhavati,
saṁhatya vā kartṛtvaṁ syāt ।
na tu avikriyasya ātmanaḥ kenacit saṁhananam asti iti na sambhūya kartṛtvam upapadyate ।
ataḥ kevalatvam ātmanaḥ svābhāvikamiti kevalaśabdaḥ anuvādamātram ।
avikriyatvaṁ ca ātmanaḥ śrutismṛtinyāyaprasiddham ।
‘avikāryo'yamucyate’ (bha. gī. 2 । 25) ‘guṇaireva karmāṇi kriyante’ (bha. gī. 3 । 27) ‘śarīrastho'pi na karoti’ (bha. gī. 13 । 31) ityādi asakṛt upapāditaṁ gītāsveva tāvat ।
śrutiṣu ca ‘dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva’ (bṛ. u. 4 । 3 । 7) ityevamādyāsu ।
nyāyataśca —
niravayavam aparatantram avikriyam ātmatattvam iti rājamārgaḥ ।
vikriyāvattvābhyupagame'pi ātmanaḥ svakīyaiva vikriyā svasya bhavitum arhati,
na adhiṣṭhānādīnāṁ karmāṇi ātmakartṛkāṇi syuḥ ।
na hi parasya karma pareṇa akṛtam āgantum arhati ।
yattu avidyayā gamitam ,
na tat tasya ।
yathā rajatatvaṁ na śuktikāyāḥ ;
yathā vā talamalinatvaṁ bālaiḥ gamitam avidyayā,
na ākāśasya,
tathā adhiṣṭhānādivikriyāpi teṣāmeva,
na ātmanaḥ ।
tasmāt yuktam uktam ‘
ahaṅkṛtatvabuddhilepābhāvāt vidvān na hanti na nibadhyate’
iti ।
‘nāyaṁ hanti na hanyate’ (bha. gī. 2 । 19) iti pratijñāya ‘na jāyate’ (bha. gī. 2 । 20) ityādihetuvacanena avikriyatvam ātmanaḥ uktvā,
‘vedāvināśinam’ (bha. gī. 2 । 21) iti viduṣaḥ karmādhikāranivṛttiṁ śāstrādau saṅkṣepataḥ uktvā,
madhye prasāritāṁ tatra tatra prasaṅgaṁ kṛtvā iha upasaṁharati śāstrārthapiṇḍīkaraṇāya ‘
vidvān na hanti na nibadhyate’
iti ।
evaṁ ca sati dehabhṛttvābhimānānupapattau avidyākṛtāśeṣakarmasaṁnyāsopapatteḥ saṁnyāsinām aniṣṭādi trividhaṁ karmaṇaḥ phalaṁ na bhavati iti upapannam ;
tadviparyayācca itareṣāṁ bhavati ityetacca aparihāryam iti eṣaḥ gītāśāstrārthaḥ upasaṁhṛtaḥ ।
sa eṣaḥ sarvavedārthasāraḥ nipuṇamatibhiḥ paṇḍitaiḥ vicārya pratipattavyaḥ iti tatra tatra prakaraṇavibhāgena darśitaḥ asmābhiḥ śāstranyāyānusāreṇa ॥ 17 ॥
atha idānīṁ karmaṇāṁ pravartakam ucyate —
jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ parijñātā trividhā karmacodanā ।
karaṇaṁ karma karteti trividhaḥ karmasaṅgrahaḥ ॥ 18 ॥
jñānaṁ jñāyate anena iti sarvaviṣayam aviśeṣeṇa ucyate । tathā jñeyaṁ jñātavyam , tadapi sāmānyenaiva sarvam ucyate । tathā parijñātā upādhilakṣaṇaḥ avidyākalpitaḥ bhoktā । iti etat trayam aviśeṣeṇa sarvakarmaṇāṁ pravartikā trividhā triprakārā karmacodanā । jñānādīnāṁ hi trayāṇāṁ saṁnipāte hānopādānādiprayojanaḥ sarvakarmārambhaḥ syāt । tataḥ pañcabhiḥ adhiṣṭhānādibhiḥ ārabdhaṁ vāṅmanaḥkāyāśrayabhedena tridhā rāśībhūtaṁ triṣu karaṇādiṣu saṅgṛhyate ityetat ucyate — karaṇaṁ kriyate anena iti bāhyaṁ śrotrādi, antaḥsthaṁ buddhyādi, karma īpsitatamaṁ kartuḥ kriyayā vyāpyamānam , kartā karaṇānāṁ vyāpārayitā upādhilakṣaṇaḥ, iti trividhaḥ triprakāraḥ karmasaṅgrahaḥ, saṅgṛhyate asminniti saṅgrahaḥ, karmaṇaḥ saṅgrahaḥ karmasaṅgrahaḥ, karma eṣu hi triṣu samavaiti, tena ayaṁ trividhaḥ karmasaṅgrahaḥ ॥ 18 ॥
atha idānīṁ kriyākārakaphalānāṁ sarveṣāṁ guṇātmakatvāt sattvarajastamoguṇabhedataḥ trividhaḥ bhedaḥ vaktavya iti ārabhyate —
jñānaṁ karma ca kartā ca
tridhaiva guṇabhedataḥ ।
procyate guṇasaṅkhyāne
yathāvacchṛṇu tānyapi ॥ 19 ॥
jñānaṁ karma ca, karma kriyā, na kārakaṁ pāribhāṣikam īpsitatamaṁ karma, kartā ca nirvartakaḥ kriyāṇāṁ tridhā eva, avadhāraṇaṁ guṇavyatiriktajātyantarābhāvapradarśanārthaṁ guṇabhedataḥ sattvādibhedena ityarthaḥ । procyate kathyate guṇasaṅkhyāne kāpile śāstre tadapi guṇasaṅkhyānaśāstraṁ guṇabhoktṛviṣaye pramāṇameva । paramārthabrahmaikatvaviṣaye yadyapi virudhyate, tathāpi te hi kāpilāḥ guṇagauṇavyāpāranirūpaṇe abhiyuktāḥ iti tacchāstramapi vakṣyamāṇārthastutyarthatvena upādīyate iti na virodhaḥ । yathāvat yathānyāyaṁ yathāśāstraṁ śṛṇu tānyapi jñānādīni tadbhedajātāni guṇabhedakṛtāni śṛṇu, vakṣyamāṇe arthe manaḥsamādhiṁ kuru ityarthaḥ ॥ 19 ॥
jñānasya tu tāvat trividhatvam ucyate —
sarvabhūteṣu yenaikaṁ
bhāvamavyayamīkṣate ।
avibhaktaṁ vibhakteṣu
tajjñānaṁ viddhi sāttvikam ॥ 20 ॥
sarvabhūteṣu avyaktādisthāvarānteṣu bhūteṣu yena jñānena ekaṁ bhāvaṁ vastu — bhāvaśabdaḥ vastuvācī, ekam ātmavastu ityarthaḥ ; avyayaṁ na vyeti svātmanā svadharmeṇa vā, kūṭastham ityarthaḥ ; īkṣate paśyati yena jñānena, taṁ ca bhāvam avibhaktaṁ pratidehaṁ vibhakteṣu dehabhedeṣu na vibhaktaṁ tat ātmavastu, vyomavat nirantaramityarthaḥ ; tat jñānaṁ sākṣāt samyagdarśanam advaitātmaviṣayaṁ sāttvikaṁ viddhi iti ॥ 20 ॥
yāni dvaitadarśanāni tāni asamyagbhūtāni rājasāni tāmasāni ca iti na sākṣāt saṁsārocchittaye bhavanti —
pṛthaktvena tu yajjñānaṁ
nānābhāvānpṛthagvidhān ।
vetti sarveṣu bhūteṣu
tajjñānaṁ viddhi rājasam ॥ 21 ॥
pṛthaktvena tu bhedena pratiśarīram anyatvena yat jñānaṁ nānābhāvān bhinnān ātmanaḥ pṛthagvidhān pṛthakprakārān bhinnalakṣaṇān ityarthaḥ, vetti vijānāti yat jñānaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu, jñānasya kartṛtvāsambhavāt yena jñānena vetti ityarthaḥ, tat jñānaṁ viddhi rājasaṁ rajoguṇanirvṛttam ॥ 21 ॥
yattu kṛtsnavadekasminkārye saktamahaitukam ।
atattvārthavadalpaṁ ca tattāmasamudāhṛtam ॥ 22 ॥
yat jñānaṁ kṛtsnavat samastavat sarvaviṣayamiva ekasmin kārye dehe bahirvā pratimādau saktam ‘etāvāneva ātmā īśvaro vā, na ataḥ param asti’ iti, yathā nagnakṣapaṇakādīnāṁ śarīrāntarvartī dehaparimāṇo jīvaḥ, īśvaro vā pāṣāṇadārvādimātram , ityevam ekasmin kārye saktam ahaitukaṁ hetuvarjitaṁ niryuktikam , atattvārthavat ayathābhūtārthavat , yathābhūtaḥ arthaḥ tattvārthaḥ, saḥ asya jñeyabhūtaḥ astīti tattvārthavat , na tattvārthavat atattvārthavat ; ahaitukatvādeva alpaṁ ca, alpaviṣayatvāt alpaphalatvādvā । tat tāmasam udāhṛtam । tāmasānāṁ hi prāṇinām avivekinām īdṛśaṁ jñānaṁ dṛśyate ॥ 22 ॥
atha idānīṁ karmaṇaḥ traividhyam ucyate —
niyataṁ saṅgarahitamarāgadveṣataḥkṛtam ।
aphalaprepsunā karma yattatsāttvikamucyate ॥ 23 ॥
niyataṁ nityaṁ saṅgarahitam āsaktivarjitam arāgadveṣataḥkṛtaṁ rāgaprayuktena dveṣaprayuktena ca kṛtaṁ rāgadveṣataḥkṛtam , tadviparītam arāgadveṣataḥkṛtam , aphalaprepsunā phalaṁ prepsatīti phalaprepsuḥ phalatṛṣṇaḥ tadviparītena aphalaprepsunā kartrā kṛtaṁ karma yat , tat sāttvikam ucyate ॥ 23 ॥
yattu kāmepsunā karma sāhaṅkāreṇa vā punaḥ ।
kriyate bahulāyāsaṁ tadrājasamudāhṛtam ॥ 24 ॥
yattu kāmepsunā karmaphalaprepsunā ityarthaḥ, karma sāhaṅkāreṇa iti na tattvajñānāpekṣayā । kiṁ tarhi ? laukikaśrotriyanirahaṅkārāpekṣayā । yo hi paramārthanirahaṅkāraḥ ātmavit , na tasya kāmepsutvabahulāyāsakartṛtvaprāptiḥ asti । sāttvikasyāpi karmaṇaḥ anātmavit sāhaṅkāraḥ kartā, kimuta rājasatāmasayoḥ । loke anātmavidapi śrotriyo nirahaṅkāraḥ ucyate ‘nirahaṅkāraḥ ayaṁ brāhmaṇaḥ’ iti । tasmāt tadapekṣayaiva ‘sāhaṅkāreṇa vā’ iti uktam । punaḥśabdaḥ pādapūraṇārthaḥ । kriyate bahulāyāsaṁ kartrā mahatā āyāsena nirvartyate, tat karma rājasam udāhṛtam ॥ 24 ॥
anubandhaṁ kṣayaṁ hiṁsāmanapekṣya ca pauruṣam ।
mohādārabhyate karma yattattāmasamucyate ॥ 25 ॥
anubandhaṁ paścādbhāvi yat vastu saḥ anubandhaḥ ucyate taṁ ca anubandham , kṣayaṁ yasmin karmaṇi kriyamāṇe śaktikṣayaḥ arthakṣayo vā syāt taṁ kṣayam , hiṁsāṁ prāṇibādhāṁ ca ; anapekṣya ca pauruṣaṁ puruṣakāram ‘śaknomi idaṁ karma samāpayitum’ ityevam ātmasāmarthyam , ityetāni anubandhādīni anapekṣya pauruṣāntāni mohāt avivekataḥ ārabhyate karma yat , tat tāmasaṁ tamonirvṛttam ucyate ॥ 25 ॥
idānīṁ kartṛbhedaḥ ucyate —
muktasaṅgo'nahaṁvādī
dhṛtyutsāhasamanvitaḥ ।
siddhyasiddhyornirvikāraḥ
kartā sāttvika ucyate ॥ 26 ॥
muktasaṅgaḥ muktaḥ parityaktaḥ saṅgaḥ yena saḥ muktasaṅgaḥ, anahaṁvādī na ahaṁvadanaśīlaḥ, dhṛtyutsāhasamanvitaḥ dhṛtiḥ dhāraṇam utsāhaḥ udyamaḥ tābhyāṁ samanvitaḥ saṁyuktaḥ dhṛtyutsāhasamanvitaḥ, siddhyasiddhyoḥ kriyamāṇasya karmaṇaḥ phalasiddhau asiddhau ca siddhyasiddhyoḥ nirvikāraḥ, kevalaṁ śāstrapramāṇena prayuktaḥ na phalarāgādinā yaḥ saḥ nirvikāraḥ ucyate । evaṁbhūtaḥ kartā yaḥ saḥ sāttvikaḥ ucyate ॥ 26 ॥
rāgī karmaphalaprepsurlubdho hiṁsātmako'śuciḥ ।
harṣaśokānvitaḥ kartā rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ॥ 27 ॥
rāgī rāgaḥ asya astīti rāgī, karmaphalaprepsuḥ karmaphalārthī ityarthaḥ, lubdhaḥ paradravyeṣu sañjātatṛṣṇaḥ, tīrthādau svadravyāparityāgī vā, hiṁsātmakaḥ parapīḍākarasvabhāvaḥ, aśuciḥ bāhyābhyantaraśaucavarjitaḥ, harṣaśokānvitaḥ iṣṭaprāptau harṣaḥ aniṣṭaprāptau iṣṭaviyoge ca śokaḥ tābhyāṁ harṣaśokābhyām anvitaḥ saṁyuktaḥ, tasyaiva ca karmaṇaḥ sampattivipattibhyāṁ harṣaśokau syātām , tābhyāṁ saṁyukto yaḥ kartā saḥ rājasaḥ parikīrtitaḥ ॥ 27 ॥
ayuktaḥ prākṛtaḥ stabdhaḥ
śaṭho naikṛtiko'lasaḥ ।
viṣādī dīrghasūtrī ca
kartā tāmasa ucyate ॥ 28 ॥
ayuktaḥ na yuktaḥ asamāhitaḥ, prākṛtaḥ atyantāsaṁskṛtabuddhiḥ bālasamaḥ, stabdhaḥ daṇḍavat na namati kasmaicit , śaṭhaḥ māyāvī śaktigūhanakārī, naikṛtikaḥ paravibhedanaparaḥ, alasaḥ apravṛttiśīlaḥ kartavyeṣvapi, viṣādī viṣādavān sarvadā avasannasvabhāvaḥ, dīrghasūtrī ca kartavyānāṁ dīrghaprasāraṇaḥ, sarvadā mandasvabhāvaḥ, yat adya śvo vā kartavyaṁ tat māsenāpi na karoti, yaśca evaṁbhūtaḥ, saḥ kartā tāmasaḥ ucyate ॥ 28 ॥
buddherbhedaṁ dhṛteścaiva guṇatastrividhaṁ śṛṇu ।
procyamānamaśeṣeṇa pṛthaktvena dhanañjaya ॥ 29 ॥
buddheḥ bhedaṁ dhṛteścaiva bhedaṁ guṇataḥ sattvādiguṇataḥ trividhaṁ śṛṇu iti sūtropanyāsaḥ । procyamānaṁ kathyamānam aśeṣeṇa niravaśeṣataḥ yathāvat pṛthaktvena vivekataḥ dhanañjaya, digvijaye mānuṣaṁ daivaṁ ca prabhūtaṁ dhanaṁ jitavān , tena asau dhanañjayaḥ arjunaḥ ॥ 29 ॥
pravṛttiṁ ca nivṛttiṁ ca
kāryākārye bhayābhaye ।
bandhaṁ mokṣaṁ ca yā vetti
buddhiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī ॥ 30 ॥
pravṛttiṁ ca pravṛttiḥ pravartanaṁ bandhahetuḥ karmamārgaḥ śāstravihitaviṣayaḥ, nivṛttiṁ ca nirvṛttiḥ mokṣahetuḥ saṁnyāsamārgaḥ — bandhamokṣasamānavākyatvāt pravṛttinivṛttī karmasaṁnyāsamārgau iti avagamyate — kāryākārye vihitapratiṣiddhe laukike vaidike vā śāstrabuddheḥ kartavyākartavye karaṇākaraṇe ityetat ; kasya ? deśakālādyapekṣayā dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthānāṁ karmaṇām । bhayābhaye bibheti asmāditi bhayaṁ coravyāghrādi, na bhayaṁ abhayam , bhayaṁ ca abhayaṁ ca bhayābhaye, dṛṣṭādṛṣṭaviṣayayoḥ bhayābhayayoḥ kāraṇe ityarthaḥ । bandhaṁ sahetukaṁ mokṣaṁ ca sahetukaṁ yā vetti vijānāti buddhiḥ, sā pārtha sāttvikī । tatra jñānaṁ buddheḥ vṛttiḥ ; buddhistu vṛttimatī । dhṛtirapi vṛttiviśeṣaḥ eva buddheḥ ॥ 30 ॥
yayā dharmamadharmaṁ ca
kāryaṁ cākāryameva ca ।
ayathāvatprajānāti
buddhiḥ sā pārtha rājasī ॥ 31 ॥
yayā dharmaṁ śāstracoditam adharmaṁ ca tatpratiṣiddhaṁ kāryaṁ ca akāryameva ca pūrvokte eva kāryākārye ayathāvat na yathāvat sarvataḥ nirṇayena na prajānāti, buddhiḥ sā pārtha, rājasī ॥ 31 ॥
adharmaṁ dharmamiti yā
manyate tamasāvṛtā ।
sarvārthānviparītāṁśca
buddhiḥ sā pārtha tāmasī ॥ 32 ॥
adharmaṁ pratiṣiddhaṁ dharmaṁ vihitam iti yā manyate jānāti tamasā āvṛtā satī, sarvārthān sarvāneva jñeyapadārthān viparītāṁśca viparītāneva vijānāti, buddhiḥ sā pārtha, tāmasī ॥ 32 ॥
dhṛtyā yayā dhārayate
manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ ।
yogenāvyabhicāriṇyā
dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha sāttvikī ॥ 33 ॥
dhṛtyā yayā — avyabhicāriṇyā iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ, dhārayate ; kim ? manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ manaśca prāṇāśca indriyāṇi ca manaḥprāṇendriyāṇi, teṣāṁ kriyāḥ ceṣṭāḥ, tāḥ ucchāstramārgapravṛtteḥ dhārayate dhārayati — dhṛtyā hi dhāryamāṇāḥ ucchāstramārgaviṣayāḥ na bhavanti — yogena samādhinā, avyabhicāriṇyā, nityasamādhyanugatayā ityarthaḥ । etat uktaṁ bhavati — avyabhicāriṇyā dhṛtyā manaḥprāṇendriyakriyāḥ dhāryamāṇāḥ yogena dhārayatīti । yā evaṁlakṣaṇā dhṛtiḥ, sā pārtha, sāttvikī ॥ 33 ॥
yayā tu dharmakāmārthāndhṛtyā dhārayate'rjuna ।
prasaṅgena phalākāṅkṣī dhṛtiḥ sā pārtha rājasī ॥ 34 ॥
yayā tu dharmakāmārthān dharmaśca kāmaśca arthaśca dharmakāmārthāḥ tān dharmakāmārthān dhṛtyā yayā dhārayate manasi nityameva kartavyarūpān avadhārayati he arjuna, prasaṅgena yasya yasya dharmādeḥ dhāraṇaprasaṅgaḥ tena tena prasaṅgena phalākāṅkṣī ca bhavati yaḥ puruṣaḥ, tasya dhṛtiḥ yā, sā pārtha, rājasī ॥ 34 ॥
yayā svapnaṁ bhayaṁ śokaṁ
viṣādaṁ madameva ca ।
na vimuñcati durmedhā
dhṛtiḥ sā tāmasī matā ॥ 35 ॥
yayā svapnaṁ nidrāṁ bhayaṁ trāsaṁ śokaṁ viṣādaṁ viṣaṇṇatāṁ madaṁ viṣayasevām ātmanaḥ bahumanyamānaḥ matta iva madam eva ca manasi nityameva kartavyarūpatayā kurvan na vimuñcati dhārayatyeva durmedhāḥ kutsitamedhāḥ puruṣaḥ yaḥ, tasya dhṛtiḥ yā, sā tāmasī matā ॥ 35 ॥
guṇabhedena kriyāṇāṁ kārakāṇāṁ ca trividho bhedaḥ uktaḥ । atha idānīṁ phalasya sukhasya trividho bhedaḥ ucyate —
sukhaṁ tvidānīṁ trividhaṁ
śṛṇu me bharatarṣabha ।
abhyāsādramate yatra
duḥkhāntaṁ ca nigacchati ॥ 36 ॥
sukhaṁ tu idānīṁ trividhaṁ śṛṇu, samādhānaṁ kuru ityetat , me mama bharatarṣabha । abhyāsāt paricayāt āvṛtteḥ ramate ratiṁ pratipadyate yatra yasmin sukhānubhave duḥkhāntaṁ ca duḥkhāvasānaṁ duḥkhopaśamaṁ ca nigacchati niścayena prāpnoti ॥ 36 ॥
yattadagre viṣamiva pariṇāme'mṛtopamam ।
tatsukhaṁ sāttvikaṁ proktamātmabuddhiprasādajam ॥ 37 ॥
yat tat sukham agre pūrvaṁ prathamasaṁnipāte jñānavairāgyadhyānasamādhyārambhe atyantāyāsapūrvakatvāt viṣamiva duḥkhātmakaṁ bhavati, pariṇāme jñānavairāgyādiparipākajaṁ sukham amṛtopamam , tat sukhaṁ sāttvikaṁ proktaṁ vidvadbhiḥ, ātmanaḥ buddhiḥ ātmabuddhiḥ, ātmabuddheḥ prasādaḥ nairmalyaṁ salilasya iva svacchatā, tataḥ jātaṁ ātmabuddhiprasādajam । ātmaviṣayā vā ātmāvalambanā vā buddhiḥ ātmabuddhiḥ, tatprasādaprakarṣādvā jātamityetat । tasmāt sāttvikaṁ tat ॥ 37 ॥
viṣayendriyasaṁyogādyattadagre'mṛtopamam ।
pariṇāme viṣamiva tatsukhaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam ॥ 38 ॥
viṣayendriyasaṁyogāt jāyate yat sukham tat sukham agre prathamakṣaṇe amṛtopamam amṛtasamam , pariṇāme viṣamiva, balavīryarūpaprajñāmedhādhanotsāhahānihetutvāt adharmatajjanitanarakādihetutvācca pariṇāme tadupabhogapariṇāmānte viṣamiva, tat sukhaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam ॥ 38 ॥
yadagre cānubandhe ca sukhaṁ mohanamātmanaḥ ।
nidrālasyapramādotthaṁ tattāmasamudāhṛtam ॥ 39 ॥
yat agre ca anubandhe ca avasānottarakāle ca sukhaṁ mohanaṁ mohakaram ātmanaḥ nidrālasyapramādotthaṁ nidrā ca ālasyaṁ ca pramādaśca tebhyaḥ samuttiṣṭhatīti nidrālasyapramādottham , tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ॥ 39 ॥
atha idānīṁ prakaraṇopasaṁhārārthaḥ ślokaḥ ārabhyate —
na tadasti pṛthivyāṁ vā divi deveṣu vā punaḥ ।
sattvaṁ prakṛtijairmuktaṁ yadebhiḥ syāttribhirguṇaiḥ ॥ 40 ॥
na tat asti tat nāsti pṛthivyāṁ vā manuṣyādiṣu sattvaṁ prāṇijātam anyadvā aprāṇi, divi deveṣu vā punaḥ sattvam , prakṛtijaiḥ prakṛtitaḥ jātaiḥ ebhiḥ tribhiḥ guṇaiḥ sattvādibhiḥ muktaṁ parityaktaṁ yat syāt , na tat asti iti pūrveṇa sambandhaḥ ॥ 40 ॥
brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṁ śūdrāṇāṁ ca parantapa ।
karmāṇi pravibhaktāni svabhāvaprabhavairguṇaiḥ ॥ 41 ॥
brāhmaṇāśca kṣatriyāśca viśaśca brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśaḥ, teṣāṁ brāhmaṇakṣatriyaviśāṁ śūdrāṇāṁ ca — śūdrāṇām asamāsakaraṇam ekajātitve sati vedānadhikārāt — he parantapa, karmāṇi pravibhaktāni itaretaravibhāgena vyavasthāpitāni । kena ? svabhāvaprabhavaiḥ guṇaiḥ, svabhāvaḥ īśvarasya prakṛtiḥ triguṇātmikā māyā sā prabhavaḥ yeṣāṁ guṇānāṁ te svabhāvaprabhavāḥ, taiḥ, śamādīni karmāṇi pravibhaktāni brāhmaṇādīnām । athavā brāhmaṇasvabhāvasya sattvaguṇaḥ prabhavaḥ kāraṇam , tathā kṣatriyasvabhāvasya sattvopasarjanaṁ rajaḥ prabhavaḥ, vaiśyasvabhāvasya tamaupasarjanaṁ rajaḥ prabhavaḥ, śūdrasvabhāvasya rajaupasarjanaṁ tamaḥ prabhavaḥ, praśāntyaiśvaryehāmūḍhatāsvabhāvadarśanāt caturṇām । athavā, janmāntarakṛtasaṁskāraḥ prāṇināṁ vartamānajanmani svakāryābhimukhatvena abhivyaktaḥ svabhāvaḥ, saḥ prabhavo yeṣāṁ guṇānāṁ te svabhāvaprabhavāḥ guṇāḥ ; guṇaprādurbhāvasya niṣkāraṇatvānupapatteḥ । ‘svabhāvaḥ kāraṇam’ iti ca kāraṇaviśeṣopādānam । evaṁ svabhāvaprabhavaiḥ prakṛtibhavaiḥ sattvarajastamobhiḥ guṇaiḥ svakāryānurūpeṇa śamādīni karmāṇi pravibhaktāni ॥
nanu śāstrapravibhaktāni śāstreṇa vihitāni brāhmaṇādīnāṁ śamādīni karmāṇi ; katham ucyate sattvādiguṇapravibhaktāni iti ? naiṣa doṣaḥ ; śāstreṇāpi brāhmaṇādīnāṁ sattvādiguṇaviśeṣāpekṣayaiva śamādīni karmāṇi pravibhaktāni, na guṇānapekṣayā, iti śāstrapravibhaktānyapi karmāṇi guṇapravibhaktāni iti ucyate ॥ 41 ॥
kāni punaḥ tāni karmāṇi iti, ucyate —
śamo damastapaḥ śaucaṁ
kṣāntirārjavameva ca ।
jñānaṁ vijñānamāstikyaṁ
brahmakarma svabhāvajam ॥ 42 ॥
śamaḥ damaśca yathāvyākhyātārthau, tapaḥ yathoktaṁ śārīrādi, śaucaṁ vyākhyātam , kṣāntiḥ kṣamā, ārjavam ṛjutā eva ca jñānaṁ vijñānam , āstikyam āstikabhāvaḥ śraddadhānatā āgamārtheṣu, brahmakarma brāhmaṇajāteḥ karma svabhāvajam — yat uktaṁ svabhāvaprabhavairguṇaiḥ pravibhaktāni iti tadevoktaṁ svabhāvajam iti ॥ 42 ॥
śauryaṁ tejo dhṛtirdākṣyaṁ yuddhe cāpyapalāyanam ।
dānamīśvarabhāvaśca kṣātraṁ karma svabhāvajam ॥ 43 ॥
śauryaṁ śūrasya bhāvaḥ, tejaḥ prāgalbhyam , dhṛtiḥ dhāraṇam , sarvāvasthāsu anavasādaḥ bhavati yayā dhṛtyā uttambhitasya, dākṣyaṁ dakṣasya bhāvaḥ, sahasā pratyutpanneṣu kāryeṣu avyāmohena pravṛttiḥ, yuddhe cāpi apalāyanam aparāṅmukhībhāvaḥ śatrubhyaḥ, dānaṁ deyadravyeṣu muktahastatā, īśvarabhāvaśca īśvarasya bhāvaḥ, prabhuśaktiprakaṭīkaraṇam īśitavyān prati, kṣātraṁ karma kṣatriyajāteḥ vihitaṁ karma kṣātraṁ karma svabhāvajam ॥ 43 ॥
kṛṣigaurakṣyavāṇijyaṁ vaiśyakarma svabhāvajam ।
paricaryātmakaṁ karma śūdrasyāpi svabhāvajam ॥ 44 ॥
kṛṣigaurakṣyavāṇijyaṁ kṛṣiśca gaurakṣyaṁ ca vāṇijyaṁ ca kṛṣigaurakṣyavāṇijyam , kṛṣiḥ bhūmeḥ vilekhanam , gaurakṣyaṁ gāḥ rakṣatīti gorakṣaḥ tasya bhāvaḥ gaurakṣyam , pāśupālyam ityarthaḥ, vāṇijyaṁ vaṇikkarma krayavikrayādilakṣaṇaṁ vaiśyakarma vaiśyajāteḥ karma vaiśyakarma svabhāvajam । paricaryātmakaṁ śuśrūṣāsvabhāvaṁ karma śūdrasyāpi svabhāvajam ॥ 44 ॥
eteṣāṁ jātivihitānāṁ karmaṇāṁ samyaganuṣṭhitānāṁ svargaprāptiḥ phalaṁ svabhāvataḥ, ‘varṇā āśramāśca svakarmaniṣṭhāḥ pretya karmaphalamanubhūya tataḥ śeṣeṇa viśiṣṭadeśajātikuladharmāyuḥśrutavṛttavittasukhamedhaso janma pratipadyante’ (gau. dha. 2 । 2 । 29), (mai. gau. dha. 11 । 31) ityādismṛtibhyaḥ ; purāṇe ca varṇinām āśramiṇāṁ ca lokaphalabhedaviśeṣasmaraṇāt । kāraṇāntarāttu idaṁ vakṣyamāṇaṁ phalam —
sve sve karmaṇyabhirataḥ
saṁsiddhiṁ labhate naraḥ ।
svakarmanirataḥ siddhiṁ
yathā vindati tacchṛṇu ॥ 45 ॥
sve sve yathoktalakṣaṇabhede karmaṇi abhirataḥ tatparaḥ saṁsiddhiṁ svakarmānuṣṭhānāt aśuddhikṣaye sati kāyendriyāṇāṁ jñānaniṣṭhāyogyatālakṣaṇāṁ saṁsiddhiṁ labhate prāpnoti naraḥ adhikṛtaḥ puruṣaḥ ; kiṁ svakarmānuṣṭhānata eva sākṣāt saṁsiddhiḥ ? na ; kathaṁ tarhi ? svakarmanirataḥ siddhiṁ yathā yena prakāreṇa vindati, tat śṛṇu ॥ 45 ॥
yataḥ pravṛttirbhūtānāṁ
yena sarvamidaṁ tatam ।
svakarmaṇā tamabhyarcya
siddhiṁ vindati mānavaḥ ॥ 46 ॥
yataḥ yasmāt pravṛttiḥ utpattiḥ ceṣṭā vā yasmāt antaryāmiṇaḥ īśvarāt bhūtānāṁ prāṇināṁ syāt , yena īśvareṇa sarvam idaṁ tataṁ jagat vyāptaṁ svakarmaṇā pūrvoktena prativarṇaṁ tam īśvaram abhyarcya pūjayitvā ārādhya kevalaṁ jñānaniṣṭhāyogyatālakṣaṇāṁ siddhiṁ vindati mānavaḥ manuṣyaḥ ॥ 46 ॥
yataḥ evam , ataḥ —
śreyānsvadharmo viguṇaḥ
paradharmātsvanuṣṭhitāt ।
svabhāvaniyataṁ karma
kurvannāpnoti kilbiṣam ॥ 47 ॥
śreyān praśasyataraḥ svo dharmaḥ svadharmaḥ, viguṇo'pi iti apiśabdo draṣṭavyaḥ, paradharmāt । svabhāvaniyataṁ svabhāvena niyatam , yaduktaṁ svabhāvajamiti, tadevoktaṁ svabhāvaniyatam iti ; yathā viṣajātasya kṛmeḥ viṣaṁ na doṣakaram , tathā svabhāvaniyataṁ karma kurvan na āpnoti kilbiṣaṁ pāpam ॥ 47 ॥
sahajaṁ karma kaunteya
sadoṣamapi na tyajet ।
sarvārambhā hi doṣeṇa
dhūmenāgnirivāvṛtāḥ ॥ 48 ॥
sahajaṁ saha janmanaiva utpannam । kiṁ tat ? karma kaunteya sadoṣamapi triguṇātmakatvāt na tyajet । sarvārambhāḥ ārabhyanta iti ārambhāḥ, sarvakarmāṇi ityetat ; prakaraṇāt ye kecit ārambhāḥ svadharmāḥ paradharmāśca, te sarve hi yasmāt — triguṇātmakatvam atra hetuḥ — triguṇātmakatvāt doṣeṇa dhūmena sahajena agniriva, āvṛtāḥ । sahajasya karmaṇaḥ svadharmākhyasya parityāgena paradharmānuṣṭhāne'pi doṣāt naiva mucyate ; bhayāvahaśca paradharmaḥ । na ca śakyate aśeṣataḥ tyaktum ajñena karma yataḥ, tasmāt na tyajet ityarthaḥ ॥
kim aśeṣataḥ tyaktum aśakyaṁ karma iti na tyajet ?
kiṁ vā sahajasya karmaṇaḥ tyāge doṣo bhavatīti ?
kiṁ ca ataḥ ?
yadi tāvat aśeṣataḥ tyaktum aśakyam iti na tyājyaṁ sahajaṁ karma,
evaṁ tarhi aśeṣataḥ tyāge guṇa eva syāditi siddhaṁ bhavati ।
satyam evam ;
aśeṣataḥ tyāga eva na upapadyate iti cet ,
kiṁ nityapracalitātmakaḥ puruṣaḥ,
yathā sāṅkhyānāṁ guṇāḥ ?
kiṁ vā kriyaiva kārakam ,
yathā bauddhānāṁ skandhāḥ kṣaṇapradhvaṁsinaḥ ?
ubhayathāpi karmaṇaḥ aśeṣataḥ tyāgaḥ na sambhavati ।
atha tṛtīyo'pi pakṣaḥ —
yadā karoti tadā sakriyaṁ vastu ।
yadā na karoti,
tadā niṣkriyaṁ tadeva ।
tatra evaṁ sati śakyaṁ karma aśeṣataḥ tyaktum ।
ayaṁ tu asmin tṛtīye pakṣe viśeṣaḥ —
na nityapracalitaṁ vastu,
nāpi kriyaiva kārakam ।
kiṁ tarhi ?
vyavasthite dravye avidyamānā kriyā utpadyate,
vidyamānā ca vinaśyati ।
śuddhaṁ tat dravyaṁ śaktimat avatiṣṭhate ।
iti evam āhuḥ kāṇādāḥ ।
tadeva ca kārakam iti ।
asmin pakṣe ko doṣaḥ iti ।
ayameva tu doṣaḥ —
yatastu abhāgavataṁ matam idam ।
kathaṁ jñāyate ?
yataḥ āha bhagavān ‘nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ’ (bha. gī. 2 । 16) ityādi ।
kāṇādānāṁ hi asataḥ bhāvaḥ,
sataśca abhāvaḥ,
iti idaṁ matam abhāgavatam ।
abhāgavatamapi nyāyavaccet ko doṣaḥ iti cet ,
ucyate —
doṣavattu idam ,
sarvapramāṇavirodhāt ।
katham ?
yadi tāvat dvyaṇukādi dravyaṁ prāk utpatteḥ atyantameva asat ,
utpannaṁ ca sthitaṁ kañcit kālaṁ punaḥ atyantameva asattvam āpadyate,
tathā ca sati asadeva sat jāyate,
sadeva asattvam āpadyate,
abhāvaḥ bhāvo bhavati,
bhāvaśca abhāvo bhavati ;
tatra abhāvaḥ jāyamānaḥ prāk utpatteḥ śaśaviṣāṇakalpaḥ samavāyyasamavāyinimittākhyaṁ kāraṇam apekṣya jāyate iti ।
na ca evam abhāvaḥ utpadyate,
kāraṇaṁ ca apekṣate iti śakyaṁ vaktum ,
asatāṁ śaśaviṣāṇādīnām adarśanāt ।
bhāvātmakāścet ghaṭādayaḥ utpadyamānāḥ,
kiñcit abhivyaktimātre kāraṇam apekṣya utpadyante iti śakyaṁ pratipattum ।
kiñca,
asataśca sataśca sadbhāve asadbhāve na kvacit pramāṇaprameyavyavahāreṣu viśvāsaḥ kasyacit syāt , ‘
sat sadeva asat asadeva’
iti niścayānupapatteḥ ॥
kiñca, utpadyate iti dvyaṇukādeḥ dravyasya svakāraṇasattāsambandham āhuḥ । prāk utpatteśca asat , paścāt kāraṇavyāpāram apekṣya svakāraṇaiḥ paramāṇubhiḥ sattayā ca samavāyalakṣaṇena sambandhena sambadhyate । sambaddhaṁ sat kāraṇasamavetaṁ sat bhavati । tatra vaktavyaṁ katham asataḥ svaṁ kāraṇaṁ bhavet sambandho vā kenacit syāt ? na hi vandhyāputrasya svaṁ kāraṇaṁ sambandho vā kenacit pramāṇataḥ kalpayituṁ śakyate ॥
nanu naivaṁ vaiśeṣikaiḥ abhāvasya sambandhaḥ kalpyate । dvyaṇukādīnāṁ hi dravyāṇāṁ svakāraṇasamavāyalakṣaṇaḥ sambandhaḥ satāmeva ucyate iti । na ; sambandhāt prāk sattvānabhyupagamāt । na hi vaiśeṣikaiḥ kulāladaṇḍacakrādivyāpārāt prāk ghaṭādīnām astitvam iṣyate । na ca mṛda eva ghaṭādyākāraprāptim icchanti । tataśca asata eva sambandhaḥ pāriśeṣyāt iṣṭo bhavati ॥
nanu asato'pi samavāyalakṣaṇaḥ sambandhaḥ na viruddhaḥ । na ; vandhyāputrādīnām adarśanāt । ghaṭādereva prāgabhāvasya svakāraṇasambandho bhavati na vandhyāputrādeḥ, abhāvasya tulyatve'pi iti viśeṣaḥ abhāvasya vaktavyaḥ । ekasya abhāvaḥ, dvayoḥ abhāvaḥ, sarvasya abhāvaḥ, prāgabhāvaḥ, pradhvaṁsābhāvaḥ, itaretarābhāvaḥ, atyantābhāvaḥ iti lakṣaṇato na kenacit viśeṣo darśayituṁ śakyaḥ । asati ca viśeṣe ghaṭasya prāgabhāvaḥ eva kulālādibhiḥ ghaṭabhāvam āpadyate sambadhyate ca bhāvena kapālākhyena, sambaddhaśca sarvavyavahārayogyaśca bhavati, na tu ghaṭasyaiva pradhvaṁsābhāvaḥ abhāvatve satyapi, iti pradhvaṁsādyabhāvānāṁ na kvacit vyavahārayogyatvam , prāgabhāvasyaiva dvyaṇukādidravyākhyasya utpattyādivyavahārārhatvam ityetat asamañjasam ; abhāvatvāviśeṣāt atyantapradhvaṁsābhāvayoriva ॥
nanu naiva asmābhiḥ prāgabhāvasya bhāvāpattiḥ ucyate । bhāvasyaiva tarhi bhāvāpattiḥ ; yathā ghaṭasya ghaṭāpattiḥ, paṭasya vā paṭāpattiḥ । etadapi abhāvasya bhāvāpattivadeva pramāṇaviruddham । sāṅkhyasyāpi yaḥ pariṇāmapakṣaḥ so'pi apūrvadharmotpattivināśāṅgīkaraṇāt vaiśeṣikapakṣāt na viśiṣyate । abhivyaktitirobhāvāṅgīkaraṇe'pi abhivyaktitirobhāvayoḥ vidyamānatvāvidyamānatvanirūpaṇe pūrvavadeva pramāṇavirodhaḥ । etena kāraṇasyaiva saṁsthānam utpattyādi ityetadapi pratyuktam ॥
pāriśeṣyāt sat ekameva vastu avidyayā utpattivināśādidharmaiḥ anekadhā naṭavat vikalpyate iti ।
idaṁ bhāgavataṁ matam uktam ‘nāsato vidyate bhāvaḥ’ (bha. gī. 2 । 16) ityasmin śloke,
satpratyayasya avyabhicārāt ,
vyabhicārācca itareṣāmiti ॥
yā karmajā siddhiḥ uktā jñānaniṣṭhāyogyatālakṣaṇā, tasyāḥ phalabhūtā naiṣkarmyasiddhiḥ jñānaniṣṭhālakṣaṇā ca vaktavyeti ślokaḥ ārabhyate —
asaktabuddhiḥ sarvatra
jitātmā vigataspṛhaḥ ।
naiṣkarmyasiddhiṁ paramāṁ
saṁnyāsenādhigacchati ॥ 49 ॥
asaktabuddhiḥ asaktā saṅgarahitā buddhiḥ antaḥkaraṇaṁ yasya saḥ asaktabuddhiḥ sarvatra putradārādiṣu āsaktinimitteṣu,
jitātmā jitaḥ vaśīkṛtaḥ ātmā antaḥkaraṇaṁ yasya saḥ jitātmā,
vigataspṛhaḥ vigatā spṛhā tṛṣṇā dehajīvitabhogeṣu yasmāt saḥ vigataspṛhaḥ,
yaḥ evaṁbhūtaḥ ātmajñaḥ saḥ naiṣkarmyasiddhiṁ nirgatāni karmāṇi yasmāt niṣkriyabrahmātmasambodhāt saḥ niṣkarmā tasya bhāvaḥ naiṣkarmyam ,
naiṣkarmyaṁ ca tat siddhiśca sā naiṣkarmyasiddhiḥ,
niṣkarmatvasya vā niṣkriyātmarūpāvasthānalakṣaṇasya siddhiḥ niṣpattiḥ,
tāṁ naiṣkarmyasiddhiṁ paramāṁ prakṛṣṭāṁ karmajasiddhivilakṣaṇāṁ sadyomuktyavasthānarūpāṁ saṁnyāsena samyagdarśanena tatpūrvakeṇa vā sarvakarmasaṁnyāsena,
adhigacchati prāpnoti ।
tathā ca uktam —
‘sarvakarmāṇi manasā saṁnyasya naiva kurvanna kārayannāste’ (bha. gī. 5 । 13) iti ॥ 49 ॥
pūrvoktena svakarmānuṣṭhānena īśvarābhyarcanarūpeṇa janitāṁ prāguktalakṣaṇāṁ siddhiṁ prāptasya utpannātmavivekajñānasya kevalātmajñānaniṣṭhārūpā naiṣkarmyalakṣaṇā siddhiḥ yena krameṇa bhavati, tat vaktavyamiti āha —
siddhiṁ prāpto yathā brahma tathāpnoti nibodha me ।
samāsenaiva kaunteya niṣṭhā jñānasya yā parā ॥ 50 ॥
siddhiṁ prāptaḥ svakarmaṇā īśvaraṁ samabhyarcya tatprasādajāṁ kāyendriyāṇāṁ jñānaniṣṭhāyogyatālakṣaṇāṁ siddhiṁ prāptaḥ — siddhiṁ prāptaḥ iti tadanuvādaḥ uttarārthaḥ । kiṁ tat uttaram , yadarthaḥ anuvādaḥ iti, ucyate — yathā yena prakāreṇa jñānaniṣṭhārūpeṇa brahma paramātmānam āpnoti, tathā taṁ prakāraṁ jñānaniṣṭhāprāptikramaṁ me mama vacanāt nibodha tvaṁ niścayena avadhāraya ityetat । kiṁ vistareṇa ? na iti āha — samāsenaiva saṅkṣepeṇaiva he kaunteya, yathā brahma prāpnoti tathā nibodheti । anena yā pratijñātā brahmaprāptiḥ, tām idantayā darśayitum āha — ‘niṣṭhā jñānasya yā parā’ iti । niṣṭhā paryavasānaṁ parisamāptiḥ ityetat । kasya ? brahmajñānasya yā parā । kīdṛśī sā ? yādṛśam ātmajñānam । kīdṛk tat ? yādṛśaḥ ātmā । kīdṛśaḥ saḥ ? yādṛśo bhagavatā uktaḥ, upaniṣadvākyaiśca nyāyataśca ॥
kathaṁ tarhi ātmanaḥ jñānam ? sarvaṁ hi yadviṣayaṁ yat jñānam , tat tadākāraṁ bhavati । nirākāraśca ātmā ityuktam । jñānātmanośca ubhayoḥ nirākāratve kathaṁ tadbhāvanāniṣṭhā iti ? na ; atyantanirmalatvātisvacchatvātisūkṣmatvopapatteḥ ātmanaḥ । buddheśca ātmavat nairmalyādyupapatteḥ ātmacaitanyākārābhāsatvopapattiḥ । buddhyābhāsaṁ manaḥ, tadābhāsāni indriyāṇi, indriyābhāsaśca dehaḥ । ataḥ laukikaiḥ dehamātre eva ātmadṛṣṭiḥ kriyate ॥
dehacaitanyavādinaśca lokāyatikāḥ ‘
caitanyaviśiṣṭaḥ kāyaḥ puruṣaḥ’
ityāhuḥ ।
tathā anye indriyacaitanyavādinaḥ,
anye manaścaitanyavādinaḥ,
anye buddhicaitanyavādinaḥ ।
tato'pi āntaram avyaktam avyākṛtākhyam avidyāvastham ātmatvena pratipannāḥ kecit ।
sarvatra buddhyādidehānte ātmacaitanyābhāsatā ātmabhrāntikāraṇam ityataśca ātmaviṣayaṁ jñānaṁ na vidhātavyam ।
kiṁ tarhi ?
nāmarūpādyanātmādhyāropaṇanivṛttireva kāryā,
nātmacaitanyavijñānaṁ kāryam ,
avidyādhyāropitasarvapadārthākāraiḥ aviśiṣṭatayā dṛśyamānatvāt iti ।
ata eva hi vijñānavādino bauddhāḥ vijñānavyatirekeṇa vastveva nāstīti pratipannāḥ,
pramāṇāntaranirapekṣatāṁ ca svasaṁviditatvābhyupagamena ।
tasmāt avidyādhyāropitanirākaraṇamātraṁ brahmaṇi kartavyam ,
na tu brahmavijñāne yatnaḥ,
atyantaprasiddhatvāt ।
avidyākalpitanāmarūpaviśeṣākārāpahṛtabuddhīnām atyantaprasiddhaṁ suvijñeyam āsannataram ātmabhūtamapi,
aprasiddhaṁ durvijñeyam atidūram anyadiva ca pratibhāti avivekinām ।
bāhyākāranivṛttabuddhīnāṁ tu labdhagurvātmaprasādānāṁ na ataḥ paraṁ sukhaṁ suprasiddhaṁ suvijñeyaṁ svāsannataram asti ।
tathā coktam —
‘pratyakṣāvagamaṁ dharmyam’ (bha. gī. 9 । 2) ityādi ॥
kecittu paṇḍitaṁmanyāḥ ‘
nirākāratvāt ātmavastu na upaiti buddhiḥ ।
ataḥ duḥsādhyā samyagjñānaniṣṭhā’
ityāhuḥ।
satyam ;
evaṁ gurusampradāyarahitānām aśrutavedāntānām atyantabahirviṣayāsaktabuddhīnāṁ samyakpramāṇeṣu akṛtaśramāṇām ।
tadviparītānāṁ tu laukikagrāhyagrāhakadvaitavastuni sadbuddhiḥ nitarāṁ duḥsampādā,
ātmacaitanyavyatirekeṇa vastvantarasya anupalabdheḥ,
yathā ca ‘
etat evameva,
na anyathā’
iti avocāma ;
uktaṁ ca bhagavatā ‘yasyāṁ jāgrati bhūtāni sā niśā paśyato muneḥ’ (bha. gī. 2 । 69) iti ।
tasmāt bāhyākārabhedabuddhinivṛttireva ātmasvarūpāvalambanakāraṇam ।
na hi ātmā nāma kasyacit kadācit aprasiddhaḥ prāpyaḥ heyaḥ upādeyo vā ;
aprasiddhe hi tasmin ātmani svārthāḥ sarvāḥ pravṛttayaḥ vyarthāḥ prasajyeran ।
na ca dehādyacetanārthatvaṁ śakyaṁ kalpayitum ।
na ca sukhārthaṁ sukham ,
duḥkhārthaṁ duḥkham ।
ātmāvagatyavasānārthatvācca sarvavyavahārasya ।
tasmāt yathā svadehasya paricchedāya na pramāṇāntarāpekṣā,
tato'pi ātmanaḥ antaratamatvāt tadavagatiṁ prati na pramāṇāntarāpekṣā ;
iti ātmajñānaniṣṭhā vivekināṁ suprasiddhā iti siddham ॥
yeṣāmapi nirākāraṁ jñānam apratyakṣam , teṣāmapi jñānavaśenaiva jñeyāvagatiriti jñānam atyantaprasiddhaṁ sukhādivadeva iti abhyupagantavyam । jijñāsānupapatteśca — aprasiddhaṁ cet jñānam , jñeyavat jijñāsyeta । yathā jñeyaṁ ghaṭādilakṣaṇaṁ jñānena jñātā vyāptum icchati, tathā jñānamapi jñānāntareṇa jñātavyam āptum icchet । na etat asti । ataḥ atyantaprasiddhaṁ jñānam , jñātāpi ata eva prasiddhaḥ iti । tasmāt jñāne yatno na kartavyaḥ, kiṁ tu anātmani ātmabuddhinivṛttāveva । tasmāt jñānaniṣṭhā susampādyā ॥ 50 ॥
sā iyaṁ jñānasya parā niṣṭhā ucyate, kathaṁ kāryā iti —
buddhyā viśuddhayā yukto
dhṛtyātmānaṁ niyamya ca ।
śabdādīnviṣayāṁstyaktvā
rāgadveṣau vyudasya ca ॥ 51 ॥
buddhyā adhyavasāyalakṣaṇayā viśuddhayā māyārahitayā yuktaḥ sampannaḥ, dhṛtyā dhairyeṇa ātmānaṁ kāryakaraṇasaṅghātaṁ niyamya ca niyamanaṁ kṛtvā vaśīkṛtya, śabdādīn śabdaḥ ādiḥ yeṣāṁ tān viṣayān tyaktvā, sāmarthyāt śarīrasthitimātrahetubhūtān kevalān muktvā tataḥ adhikān sukhārthān tyaktvā ityarthaḥ, śarīrasthityarthatvena prāpteṣu rāgadveṣau vyudasya ca parityajya ca ॥ 51 ॥
tataḥ —
viviktasevī laghvāśī
yatavākkāyamānasaḥ ।
dhyānayogaparo nityaṁ
vairāgyaṁ samupāśritaḥ ॥ 52 ॥
viviktasevī araṇyanadīpulinagiriguhādīn viviktān deśān sevituṁ śīlam asya iti viviktasevī, laghvāśī laghvaśanaśīlaḥ — viviktasevālaghvaśanayoḥ nidrādidoṣanivartakatvena cittaprasādahetutvāt grahaṇam ; yatavākkāyamānasaḥ vāk ca kāyaśca mānasaṁ ca yatāni saṁyatāni yasya jñānaniṣṭhasya saḥ jñānaniṣṭhaḥ yatiḥ yatavākkāyamānasaḥ syāt । evam uparatasarvakaraṇaḥ san dhyānayogaparaḥ dhyānam ātmasvarūpacintanam , yogaḥ ātmaviṣaye ekāgrīkaraṇam tau paratvena kartavyau yasya saḥ dhyānayogaparaḥ nityaṁ nityagrahaṇaṁ mantrajapādyanyakartavyābhāvapradarśanārtham , vairāgyaṁ virāgasya bhāvaḥ dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣu viṣayeṣu vaitṛṣṇyaṁ samupāśritaḥ samyak upāśritaḥ nityameva ityarthaḥ ॥ 52 ॥
kiñca —
ahaṅkāraṁ balaṁ darpaṁ
kāmaṁ krodhaṁ parigraham ।
vimucya nirmamaḥ śānto
brahmabhūyāya kalpate ॥ 53 ॥
ahaṅkāram ahaṅkaraṇam ahaṅkāraḥ dehādiṣu tam , balaṁ sāmarthyaṁ kāmarāgasaṁyuktam — na itarat śarīrādisāmarthyaṁ svābhāvikatvena tattyāgasya aśakyatvāt — darpaṁ darpo nāma harṣānantarabhāvī dharmātikramahetuḥ ‘hṛṣṭo dṛpyati dṛpto dharmamatikrāmati’ (ā. dha. sū. 1 । 13 । 4) iti smaraṇāt ; taṁ ca, kāmam icchāṁ krodhaṁ dveṣaṁ parigraham indriyamanogatadoṣaparityāge'pi śarīradhāraṇaprasaṅgena dharmānuṣṭhānanimittena vā bāhyaḥ parigrahaḥ prāptaḥ, taṁ ca vimucya parityajya, paramahaṁsaparivrājako bhūtvā, dehajīvanamātre'pi nirgatamamabhāvaḥ nirmamaḥ, ata eva śāntaḥ uparataḥ, yaḥ saṁhṛtaharṣāyāsaḥ yatiḥ jñānaniṣṭhaḥ brahmabhūyāya brahmabhavanāya kalpate samartho bhavati ॥ 53 ॥
anena krameṇa —
brahmabhūtaḥ prasannātmā
na śocati na kāṅkṣati ।
samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu
madbhaktiṁ labhate parām ॥ 54 ॥
brahmabhūtaḥ brahmaprāptaḥ prasannātmā labdhādhyātmaprasādasvabhāvaḥ na śocati,
kiñcit arthavaikalyam ātmanaḥ vaiguṇyaṁ vā uddiśya na śocati na santapyate ;
na kāṅkṣati,
na hi aprāptaviṣayākāṅkṣā brahmavidaḥ upapadyate ;
ataḥ brahmabhūtasya ayaṁ svabhāvaḥ anūdyate —
na śocati na kāṅkṣati iti । ‘
na hṛṣyati’
iti vā pāṭhāntaram ।
samaḥ sarveṣu bhūteṣu,
ātmaupamyena sarvabhūteṣu sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ vā samameva paśyati ityarthaḥ ।
na ātmasamadarśanam iha,
tasya vakṣyamāṇatvāt ‘bhaktyā māmabhijānāti’ (bha. gī. 18 । 55) iti ।
evaṁbhūtaḥ jñānaniṣṭhaḥ,
madbhaktiṁ mayi parameśvare bhaktiṁ bhajanaṁ parām uttamāṁ jñānalakṣaṇāṁ caturthīṁ labhate,
‘caturvidhā bhajante mām’ (bha. gī. 7 । 16) iti hi uktam ॥ 54 ॥
tataḥ jñānalakṣaṇayā —
bhaktyā māmabhijānāti
yāvānyaścāsmi tattvataḥ ।
tato māṁ tattvato jñātvā
viśate tadanantaram ॥ 55 ॥
bhaktyā mām abhijānāti yāvān aham upādhikṛtavistarabhedaḥ,
yaśca aham asmi vidhvastasarvopādhibhedaḥ uttamaḥ puruṣaḥ ākāśakalpaḥ,
taṁ mām advaitaṁ caitanyamātraikarasam ajaram abhayam anidhanaṁ tattvataḥ abhijānāti ।
tataḥ mām evaṁ tattvataḥ jñātvā viśate tadanantaraṁ māmeva jñānānantaram ।
nātra jñānapraveśakriye bhinne vivakṣite ‘
jñātvā viśate tadanantaram’
iti ।
kiṁ tarhi ?
phalāntarābhāvāt jñānamātrameva,
‘kṣetrajñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi’ (bha. gī. 13 । 2) iti uktatvāt ॥
nanu viruddham idam uktam ‘jñānasya yā parā niṣṭhā tayā mām abhijānāti’ iti । kathaṁ viruddham iti cet , ucyate — yadaiva yasmin viṣaye jñānam utpadyate jñātuḥ, tadaiva taṁ viṣayam abhijānāti jñātā iti na jñānaniṣṭhāṁ jñānāvṛttilakṣaṇām apekṣate iti ; ataśca jñānena na abhijānāti, jñānāvṛttyā tu jñānaniṣṭhayā abhijānātīti । naiṣa doṣaḥ ; jñānasya svātmotpattiparipākahetuyuktasya pratipakṣavihīnasya yat ātmānubhavaniścayāvasānatvaṁ tasya niṣṭhāśabdābhilāpāt । śāstrācāryopadeśena jñānotpattihetuṁ sahakārikāraṇaṁ buddhiviśuddhatvādi amānitvādiguṇaṁ ca apekṣya janitasya kṣetrajñaparamātmaikatvajñānasya kartṛtvādikārakabhedabuddhinibandhanasarvakarmasaṁnyāsasahitasya svātmānubhavaniścayarūpeṇa yat avasthānam , sā parā jñānaniṣṭhā iti ucyate । sā iyaṁ jñānaniṣṭhā ārtādibhaktitrayāpekṣayā parā caturthī bhaktiriti uktā । tayā parayā bhaktyā bhagavantaṁ tattvataḥ abhijānāti, yadanantarameva īśvarakṣetrajñabhedabuddhiḥ aśeṣataḥ nivartate । ataḥ jñānaniṣṭhālakṣaṇayā bhaktyā mām abhijānātīti vacanaṁ na virudhyate ।
atra ca sarvaṁ nivṛttividhāyi śāstraṁ vedāntetihāsapurāṇasmṛtilakṣaṇaṁ nyāyaprasiddham arthavat bhavati —
‘viditvā . . . vyutthāyātha bhikṣācaryaṁ caranti’ (bṛ. u. 3 । 5 । 1) ‘tasmānnyāsameṣāṁ tapasāmatiriktamāhuḥ’ (tai. nā. 79) ‘nyāsa evātyarecayat’ (tai. nā. 78) iti ।
‘saṁnyāsaḥ karmaṇāṁ nyāsaḥ’ ( ? ) ‘vedānimaṁ ca lokamamuṁ ca parityajya’ (ā. dha. 2 । 9 । 13) ‘tyaja dharmamadharmaṁ ca’ (mo. dha. 329 । 40) ityādi ।
iha ca pradarśitāni vākyāni ।
na ca teṣāṁ vākyānām ānarthakyaṁ yuktam ;
na ca arthavādatvam ,
svaprakaraṇasthatvāt ,
pratyagātmāvikriyasvarūpaniṣṭhatvācca mokṣasya ।
na hi pūrvasamudraṁ jigamiṣoḥ prātilomyena pratyaksamudrajigamiṣuṇā samānamārgatvaṁ sambhavati ।
pratyagātmaviṣayapratyayasantānakaraṇābhiniveśaśca jñānaniṣṭhā ;
sā ca pratyaksamudragamanavat karmaṇā sahabhāvitvena virudhyate ।
parvatasarṣapayoriva antaravān virodhaḥ pramāṇavidāṁ niścitaḥ ।
tasmāt sarvakarmasaṁnyāsenaiva jñānaniṣṭhā kāryā iti siddham ॥ 55 ॥
svakarmaṇā bhagavataḥ abhyarcanabhaktiyogasya siddhiprāptiḥ phalaṁ jñānaniṣṭhāyogyatā, yannimittā jñānaniṣṭhā mokṣaphalāvasānā । saḥ bhagavadbhaktiyogaḥ adhunā stūyate śāstrārthopāsaṁhāraprakaraṇe śāstrārthaniścayadārḍhyāya —
sarvakarmāṇyapi sadā kurvāṇo madvyapāśrayaḥ ।
matprasādādavāpnoti śāśvataṁ padamavyayam ॥ 56 ॥
sarvakarmāṇyapi pratiṣiddhānyapi sadā kurvāṇaḥ anutiṣṭhan madvyapāśrayaḥ ahaṁ vāsudevaḥ īśvaraḥ vyapāśrayo vyapāśrayaṇaṁ yasya saḥ madvyapāśrayaḥ mayyarpitasarvabhāvaḥ ityarthaḥ । so'pi matprasādāt mama īśvarasya prasādāt avāpnoti śāśvataṁ nityaṁ vaiṣṇavaṁ padam avyayam ॥ 56 ॥
yasmāt evam —
cetasā sarvakarmāṇi mayi saṁnyasya matparaḥ ।
buddhiyogamapāśritya maccittaḥ satataṁ bhava ॥ 57 ॥
cetasā vivekabuddhyā sarvakarmāṇi dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthāni mayi īśvare saṁnyasya ‘yat karoṣi yadaśnāsi’ (bha. gī. 9 । 27) iti uktanyāyena,
matparaḥ ahaṁ vāsudevaḥ paro yasya tava saḥ tvaṁ matparaḥ san mayyarpitasarvātmabhāvaḥ buddhiyogaṁ samāhitabuddhitvaṁ buddhiyogaḥ taṁ buddhiyogam apāśritya apāśrayaḥ ananyaśaraṇatvaṁ maccittaḥ mayyeva cittaṁ yasya tava saḥ tvaṁ maccittaḥ satataṁ sarvadā bhava ॥ 57 ॥
maccittaḥ sarvadurgāṇi matprasādāttariṣyasi ।
atha cettvamahaṅkārānna śroṣyasi vinaṅkṣyasi ॥ 58 ॥
maccittaḥ sarvadurgāṇi sarvāṇi dustarāṇi saṁsārahetujātāni matprasādāt tariṣyasi atikramiṣyasi । atha cet yadi tvaṁ maduktam ahaṅkārāt ‘paṇḍitaḥ aham’ iti na śroṣyasi na grahīṣyasi, tataḥ tvaṁ vinaṅkṣyasi vināśaṁ gamiṣyasi ॥ 58 ॥
idaṁ ca tvayā na mantavyam ‘svatantraḥ aham , kimarthaṁ paroktaṁ kariṣyāmi ? ’ iti —
yadyahaṅkāramāśritya
na yotsya iti manyase ।
mithyaiṣa vyavasāyaste
prakṛtistvāṁ niyokṣyati ॥ 59 ॥
yadi cet tvam ahaṅkāram āśritya na yotsye iti na yuddhaṁ kariṣyāmi iti manyase cintayasi niścayaṁ karoṣi, mithyā eṣaḥ vyavasāyaḥ niścayaḥ te tava ; yasmāt prakṛtiḥ kṣatriyasvabhāvaḥ tvāṁ niyokṣyati ॥ 59 ॥
yasmācca —
svabhāvajena kaunteya nibaddhaḥ svena karmaṇā ।
kartuṁ necchasi yanmohātkariṣyasyavaśo'pi tat ॥ 60 ॥
svabhāvajena śauryādinā yathoktena kaunteya nibaddhaḥ niścayena baddhaḥ svena ātmīyena karmaṇā kartuṁ na icchasi yat karma, mohāt avivekataḥ kariṣyasi avaśo'pi paravaśa eva tat karma ॥ 60 ॥
yasmāt —
īśvaraḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ hṛddeśe'rjuna tiṣṭhati ।
bhrāmayansarvabhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni māyayā ॥ 61 ॥
īśvaraḥ īśanaśīlaḥ nārāyaṇaḥ sarvabhūtānāṁ sarvaprāṇināṁ hṛddeśe hṛdayadeśe arjuna śuklāntarātmasvabhāvaḥ viśuddhāntaḥkaraṇaḥ — ‘ahaśca kṛṣṇamahararjunaṁ ca’ (ṛ. maṁ. 6 । 1 । 9 । 1) iti darśanāt — tiṣṭhati sthitiṁ labhate । teṣu saḥ kathaṁ tiṣṭhatīti, āha — bhrāmayan bhramaṇaṁ kārayan sarvabhūtāni yantrārūḍhāni yantrāṇi ārūḍhāni adhiṣṭhitāni iva — iti ivaśabdaḥ atra draṣṭavyaḥ — yathā dārukṛtapuruṣādīni yantrārūḍhāni । māyayā cchadmanā bhrāmayan tiṣṭhati iti sambandhaḥ ॥ 61 ॥
tameva śaraṇaṁ gaccha
sarvabhāvena bhārata ।
tatprasādātparāṁ śāntiṁ
sthānaṁ prāpsyasi śāśvatam ॥ 62 ॥
tameva īśvaraṁ śaraṇam āśrayaṁ saṁsārārtiharaṇārthaṁ gaccha āśraya sarvabhāvena sarvātmanā he bhārata । tataḥ tatprasādāt īśvarānugrahāt parāṁ prakṛṣṭāṁ śāntim uparatiṁ sthānaṁ ca mama viṣṇoḥ paramaṁ padaṁ prāpsyasi śāśvataṁ nityam ॥ 62 ॥
iti te jñānamākhyātaṁ guhyādguhyataraṁ mayā ।
vimṛśyaitadaśeṣeṇa yathecchasi tathā kuru ॥ 63 ॥
iti etat te tubhyaṁ jñānam ākhyātaṁ kathitaṁ guhyāt gopyāt guhyataram atiśayena guhyaṁ rahasyam ityarthaḥ, mayā sarvajñena īśvareṇa । vimṛśya vimarśanam ālocanaṁ kṛtvā etat yathoktaṁ śāstram aśeṣeṇa samastaṁ yathoktaṁ ca arthajātaṁ yathā icchasi tathā kuru ॥ 63 ॥
bhūyo'pi mayā ucyamānaṁ śṛṇu —
sarvaguhyatamaṁ bhūyaḥ
śṛṇu me paramaṁ vacaḥ ।
iṣṭo'si me dṛḍhamiti
tato vakṣyāmi te hitam ॥ 64 ॥
sarvaguhyatamaṁ sarvebhyaḥ guhyebhyaḥ atyantaguhyatamam atyantarahasyam , uktamapi asakṛt bhūyaḥ punaḥ śṛṇu me mama paramaṁ prakṛṣṭaṁ vacaḥ vākyam । na bhayāt nāpi arthakāraṇādvā vakṣyāmi ; kiṁ tarhi ? iṣṭaḥ priyaḥ asi me mama dṛḍham avyabhicāreṇa iti kṛtvā tataḥ tena kāraṇena vakṣyāmi kathayiṣyāmi te tava hitaṁ paramaṁ jñānaprāptisādhanam , taddhi sarvahitānāṁ hitatamam ॥ 64 ॥
kiṁ tat iti, āha —
manmanā bhava madbhakto
madyājī māṁ namaskuru ।
māmevaiṣyasi satyaṁ te
pratijāne priyo'si me ॥ 65 ॥
manmanāḥ bhava maccittaḥ bhava । madbhaktaḥ bhava madbhajano bhava । madyājī madyajanaśīlo bhava । māṁ namaskuru namaskāram api mamaiva kuru । tatra evaṁ vartamānaḥ vāsudeve eva samarpitasādhyasādhanaprayojanaḥ māmeva eṣyasi āgamiṣyasi । satyaṁ te tava pratijāne, satyāṁ pratijñāṁ karomi etasmin vastuni ityarthaḥ ; yataḥ priyaḥ asi me । evaṁ bhagavataḥ satyapratijñatvaṁ buddhvā bhagavadbhakteḥ avaśyaṁbhāvi mokṣaphalam avadhārya bhagavaccharaṇaikaparāyaṇaḥ bhavet iti vākyārthaḥ ॥ 65 ॥
karmayoganiṣṭhāyāḥ paramarahasyam īśvaraśaraṇatām upasaṁhṛtya, atha idānīṁ karmayoganiṣṭhāphalaṁ samyagdarśanaṁ sarvavedāntasāravihitaṁ vaktavyamiti āha —
sarvadharmānparityajya
māmekaṁ śaraṇaṁ vraja ।
ahaṁ tvā sarvapāpebhyo
mokṣayiṣyāmi mā śucaḥ ॥ 66 ॥
sarvadharmān sarve ca te dharmāśca sarvadharmāḥ tān —
dharmaśabdena atra adharmo'pi gṛhyate,
naiṣkarmyasya vivakṣitatvāt ,
‘nāvirato duścaritāt’ (ka. u. 1 । 2 । 24) ‘tyaja dharmamadharmaṁ ca’ (mo. dha. 329 । 40) ityādiśrutismṛtibhyaḥ —
sarvadharmān parityajya saṁnyasya sarvakarmāṇi ityetat ।
mām ekaṁ sarvātmānaṁ samaṁ sarvabhūtasthitam īśvaram acyutaṁ garbhajanmajarāmaraṇavarjitam ‘
ahameva’
ityevaṁ śaraṇaṁ vraja,
na mattaḥ anyat asti iti avadhāraya ityarthaḥ ।
ahaṁ tvā tvām evaṁ niścitabuddhiṁ sarvapāpebhyaḥ sarvadharmādharmabandhanarūpebhyaḥ mokṣayiṣyāmi svātmabhāvaprakāśīkaraṇena ।
uktaṁ ca ‘nāśayāmyātmabhāvastho jñānadīpena bhāsvatā’ (bha. gī. 10 । 11) iti ।
ataḥ mā śucaḥ śokaṁ mā kārṣīḥ ityarthaḥ ॥
ātmajñānasya tu kevalasya niḥśreyasahetutvam ,
bhedapratyayanivartakatvena kaivalyaphalāvasāyitvāt ।
kriyākārakaphalabhedabuddhiḥ avidyayā ātmani nityapravṛttā — ‘
mama karma,
ahaṁ kartāmuṣmai phalāyedaṁ karma kariṣyāmi’
iti iyam avidyā anādikālapravṛttā ।
asyā avidyāyāḥ nivartakam ‘
ayamahamasmi kevalo'kartā akriyo'phalaḥ ;
na matto'nyo'sti kaścit’
ityevaṁrūpam ātmaviṣayaṁ jñānam utpadyamānam ,
karmapravṛttihetubhūtāyāḥ bhedabuddheḥ nivartakatvāt ।
tu -
śabdaḥ pakṣavyāvṛttyarthaḥ —
na kevalebhyaḥ karmabhyaḥ,
na ca jñānakarmabhyāṁ samuccitābhyāṁ niḥśreyasaprāptiḥ iti pakṣadvayaṁ nivartayati ।
akāryatvācca niḥśreyasasya karmasādhanatvānupapattiḥ ।
na hi nityaṁ vastu karmaṇā jñānena vā kriyate ।
kevalaṁ jñānamapi anarthakaṁ tarhi ?
na,
avidyānivartakatve sati dṛṣṭakaivalyaphalāvasānatvāt ।
avidyātamonivartakasya jñānasya dṛṣṭaṁ kaivalyaphalāvasānatvam ,
rajjvādiviṣaye sarpādyajñānatamonivartakapradīpaprakāśaphalavat ।
vinivṛttasarpādivikalparajjukaivalyāvasānaṁ hi prakāśaphalam ;
tathā jñānam ।
dṛṣṭārthānāṁ ca cchidikriyāgnimanthanādīnāṁ vyāpṛtakartrādikārakāṇāṁ dvaidhībhāvāgnidarśanādiphalāt anyaphale karmāntare vā vyāpārānupapattiḥ yathā,
tathā dṛṣṭārthāyāṁ jñānaniṣṭhākriyāyāṁ vyāpṛtasya jñātrādikārakasya ātmakaivalyaphalāt karmāntare pravṛttiḥ anupapannā iti na jñānaniṣṭhā karmasahitā upapadyate ।
bhujyagnihotrādikriyāvatsyāt iti cet ,
na ;
kaivalyaphale jñāne kriyāphalārthitvānupapatteḥ ।
kaivalyaphale hi jñāne prāpte,
sarvataḥsamplutodakaphale kūpataṭākādikriyāphalārthitvābhāvavat ,
phalāntare tatsādhanabhūtāyāṁ vā kriyāyām arthitvānupapattiḥ ।
na hi rājyaprāptiphale karmaṇi vyāpṛtasya kṣetramātraprāptiphale vyāpāraḥ upapadyate,
tadviṣayaṁ vā arthitvam ।
tasmāt na karmaṇo'sti niḥśreyasasādhanatvam ।
na ca jñānakarmaṇoḥ samuccitayoḥ ।
nāpi jñānasya kaivalyaphalasya karmasāhāyyāpekṣā,
avidyānivartakatvena virodhāt ।
na hi tamaḥ tamasaḥ nivartakam ।
ataḥ kevalameva jñānaṁ niḥśreyasasādhanam iti ।
na ;
nityākaraṇe pratyavāyaprāpteḥ,
kaivalyasya ca nityatvāt ।
yat tāvat kevalājjñānāt kaivalyaprāptiḥ ityetat ,
tat asat ;
yataḥ nityānāṁ karmaṇāṁ śrutyuktānām akaraṇe pratyavāyaḥ narakādiprāptilakṣaṇaḥ syāt ।
nanu evaṁ tarhi karmabhyo mokṣo nāsti iti anirmokṣa eva ।
naiṣa doṣaḥ ;
nityatvāt mokṣasya ।
nityānāṁ karmaṇām anuṣṭhānāt pratyavāyasya aprāptiḥ,
pratiṣiddhasya ca akaraṇāt aniṣṭaśarīrānupapattiḥ,
kāmyānāṁ ca varjanāt iṣṭaśarīrānupapattiḥ,
vartamānaśarīrārambhakasya ca karmaṇaḥ phalopabhogakṣaye patite asmin śarīre dehāntarotpattau ca kāraṇābhāvāt ātmanaḥ rāgādīnāṁ ca akaraṇe svarūpāvasthānameva kaivalyamiti ayatnasiddhaṁ kaivalyam iti ।
atikrāntānekajanmāntarakṛtasya svarganarakādiprāptiphalasya anārabdhakāryasya upabhogānupapatteḥ kṣayābhāvaḥ iti cet ,
na ;
nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhopabhogasya tatphalopabhogatvopapatteḥ ।
prāyaścittavadvā pūrvopāttaduritakṣayārthaṁ nityaṁ karma ।
ārabdhānāṁ ca karmaṇām upabhogenaiva kṣīṇatvāt apūrvāṇāṁ ca karmaṇām anārambhe ayatnasiddhaṁ kaivalyamiti ।
na ;
‘tameva viditvātimṛtyumeti nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya’ (śve. u. 3 । 8) iti vidyāyā anyaḥ panthāḥ mokṣāya na vidyate iti śruteḥ,
carmavadākāśaveṣṭanāsambhavavat aviduṣaḥ mokṣāsambhavaśruteḥ,
‘jñānātkaivalyamāpnoti’ ( ? ) iti ca purāṇasmṛteḥ ;
anārabdhaphalānāṁ puṇyānāṁ karmaṇāṁ kṣayānupapatteśca ।
yathā pūrvopāttānāṁ duritānām anārabdhaphalānāṁ sambhavaḥ,
tathā puṇyānām anārabdhaphalānāṁ syātsambhavaḥ ।
teṣāṁ ca dehāntaram akṛtvā kṣayānupapattau mokṣānupapattiḥ ।
dharmādharmahetūnāṁ ca rāgadveṣamohānām anyatra ātmajñānāt ucchedānupapatteḥ dharmādharmocchedānupapattiḥ ।
nityānāṁ ca karmaṇāṁ puṇyaphalatvaśruteḥ,
‘varṇā āśramāśca svakarmaniṣṭhāḥ’ (gau. dha. sū. 2 । 2 । 29) ityādismṛteśca karmakṣayānupapattiḥ ॥
ye tu āhuḥ —
nityāni karmāṇi duḥkharūpatvāt pūrvakṛtaduritakarmaṇāṁ phalameva,
na tu teṣāṁ svarūpavyatirekeṇa anyat phalam asti,
aśrutatvāt ,
jīvanādinimitte ca vidhānāt iti ।
na apravṛttānāṁ karmaṇāṁ phaladānāsambhavāt ;
duḥkhaphalaviśeṣānupapattiśca syāt ।
yaduktaṁ pūrvajanmakṛtaduritānāṁ karmaṇāṁ phalaṁ nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhaṁ bhujyata iti,
tadasat ।
na hi maraṇakāle phaladānāya anaṅkurībhūtasya karmaṇaḥ phalam anyakarmārabdhe janmani upabhujyate iti upapattiḥ ।
anyathā svargaphalopabhogāya agnihotrādikarmārabdhe janmani narakaphalopabhogānupapattiḥ na syāt ।
tasya duritasya duḥkhaviśeṣaphalatvānupapatteśca —
anekeṣu hi duriteṣu sambhavatsu bhinnaduḥkhasādhanaphaleṣu nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhamātraphaleṣu kalpyamāneṣu dvandvarogādibādhanaṁ nirnimittaṁ na hi śakyate kalpayitum ,
nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhameva pūrvopāttaduritaphalaṁ na śirasā pāṣāṇavahanādiduḥkhamiti ।
aprakṛtaṁ ca idam ucyate —
nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhaṁ pūrvakṛtaduritakarmaphalam iti ।
katham ?
aprasūtaphalasya hi pūrvakṛtaduritasya kṣayaḥ na upapadyata iti prakṛtam ।
tatra prasūtaphalasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṁ nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkham āha bhavān ,
na aprasūtaphalasyeti ।
atha sarvameva pūrvakṛtaṁ duritaṁ prasūtaphalameva iti manyate bhavān ,
tataḥ nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhameva phalam iti viśeṣaṇam ayuktam ।
nityakarmavidhyānarthakyaprasaṅgaśca,
upabhogenaiva prasūtaphalasya duritakarmaṇaḥ kṣayopapatteḥ ।
kiñca,
śrutasya nityasya karmaṇaḥ duḥkhaṁ cet phalam ,
nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsādeva tat dṛśyate vyāyāmādivat ;
tat anyasya iti kalpanānupapattiḥ ।
jīvanādinimitte ca vidhānāt ,
nityānāṁ karmaṇāṁ prāyaścittavat pūrvakṛtaduritaphalatvānupapattiḥ ।
yasmin pāpakarmaṇi nimitte yat vihitaṁ prāyaścittam na tu tasya pāpasya tat phalam ।
atha tasyaiva pāpasya nimittasya prāyaścittaduḥkhaṁ phalam ,
jīvanādinimitte'pi nityakarmānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhaṁ jīvanādinimittasyaiva phalaṁ prasajyeta,
nityaprāyaścittayoḥ naimittikatvāviśeṣāt ।
kiñca anyat —
nityasya kāmyasya ca agnihotrādeḥ anuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhasya tulyatvāt nityānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhameva pūrvakṛtaduritasya phalam ,
na tu kāmyānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkham iti viśeṣo nāstīti tadapi pūrvakṛtaduritaphalaṁ prasajyeta ।
tathā ca sati nityānāṁ phalāśravaṇāt tadvidhānānyathānupapatteśca nityānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhaṁ pūrvakṛtaduritaphalam iti arthāpattikalpanā ca anupapannā,
evaṁ vidhānānyathānupapatteḥ anuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhavyatiriktaphalatvānumānācca nityānām ।
virodhācca ;
viruddhaṁ ca idam ucyate —
nityakarmaṇā anuṣṭīyamānena anyasya karmaṇaḥ phalaṁ bhujyate iti abhyupagamyamāne sa eva upabhogaḥ nityasya karmaṇaḥ phalam iti,
nityasya karmaṇaḥ phalābhāva iti ca viruddham ucyate ।
kiñca,
kāmyāgnihotrādau anuṣṭhīyamāne nityamapi agnihotrādi tantreṇaiva anuṣṭhitaṁ bhavatīti tadāyāsaduḥkhenaiva kāmyāgnihotrādiphalam upakṣīṇaṁ syāt ,
tattantratvāt ।
atha kāmyāgnihotrādiphalam anyadeva svargādi,
tadanuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhamapi bhinnaṁ prasajyeta ।
na ca tadasti,
dṛṣṭavirodhāt ;
na hi kāmyānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhāt kevalanityānuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhaṁ bhinnaṁ dṛśyate ।
kiñca anyat —
avihitamapratiṣiddhaṁ ca karma tatkālaphalam ,
na tu śāstracoditaṁ pratiṣiddhaṁ vā tatkālaphalaṁ bhavet ।
tadā svargādiṣvapi adṛṣṭaphalāśāsanena udyamo na syāt —
agnihotrādīnāmeva karmasvarūpāviśeṣe anuṣṭhānāyāsaduḥkhamātreṇa upakṣayaḥ nityānām ;
svargādimahāphalatvaṁ kāmyānām ,
aṅgetikartavyatādyādhikye tu asati,
phalakāmitvamātreṇeti ।
tasmācca na nityānāṁ karmaṇām adṛṣṭaphalābhāvaḥ kadācidapi upapadyate ।
ataśca avidyāpūrvakasya karmaṇaḥ vidyaiva śubhasya aśubhasya vā kṣayakāraṇam aśeṣataḥ,
na nityakarmānuṣṭhānam ।
avidyākāmabījaṁ hi sarvameva karma ।
tathā ca upapāditamavidvadviṣayaṁ karma,
vidvadviṣayā ca sarvakarmasaṁnyāsapūrvikā jñānaniṣṭhā —
‘ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ’ (bha. gī. 2 । 19) ‘vedāvināśinaṁ nityam’ (bha. gī. 2 । 21) ‘jñānayogena sāṅkhyānāṁ karmayogena yoginām’ (bha. gī. 3 । 3) ‘ajñānāṁ karmasaṅginām’ (bha. gī. 3 । 26) ‘tattvavittu mahābāho guṇā guṇeṣu vartante iti matvā na sajjate’ (bha. gī. 3 । 28) ‘sarvakarmāṇi manasā saṁnyasyāste’ (bha. gī. 5 । 13) ‘naiva kiñcit karomīti yukto manyeta tattvavit’ (bha. gī. 5 । 8),
arthāt ajñaḥ karomi iti ;
ārurukṣoḥ karma kāraṇam ,
ārūḍhasya yogasthasya śama eva kāraṇam ;
udārāḥ trayo'pi ajñāḥ,
‘jñānī tvātmaiva me matam’ (bha. gī. 7 । 18) ‘
ajñāḥ karmiṇaḥ gatāgataṁ kāmakāmāḥ labhante’ ;
ananyāścintayanto māṁ nityayuktāḥ yathoktam ātmānam ākāśakalpam upāsate ; ‘
dadāmi buddhiyogaṁ taṁ yena māmupayānti te’,
arthāt na karmiṇaḥ ajñāḥ upayānti ।
bhagavatkarmakāriṇaḥ ye yuktatamā api karmiṇaḥ ajñāḥ,
te uttarottarahīnaphalatyāgāvasānasādhanāḥ ;
anirdeśyākṣaropāsakāstu ‘adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānām’ (bha. gī. 12 । 13) iti ādhyāyaparisamāpti uktasādhanāḥ kṣetrādhyāyādyadhyāyatrayoktajñānasādhanāśca ।
adhiṣṭhānādipañcakahetukasarvakarmasaṁnyāsināṁ ātmaikatvākartṛtvajñānavatāṁ parasyāṁ jñānaniṣṭhāyāṁ vartamānānāṁ bhagavattattvavidām aniṣṭādikarmaphalatrayaṁ paramahaṁsaparivrājakānāmeva labdhabhagavatsvarūpātmaikatvaśaraṇānāṁ na bhavati ;
bhavatyeva anyeṣāmajñānāṁ karmiṇāmasaṁnyāsinām ityeṣaḥ gītāśāstroktakartavyārthasya vibhāgaḥ ॥
avidyāpūrvakatvaṁ sarvasya karmaṇaḥ asiddhamiti cet , na ; brahmahatyādivat । yadyapi śāstrāvagataṁ nityaṁ karma, tathāpi avidyāvata eva bhavati । yathā pratiṣedhaśāstrāvagatamapi brahmahatyādilakṣaṇaṁ karma anarthakāraṇam avidyākāmādidoṣavataḥ bhavati, anyathā pravṛttyanupapatteḥ, tathā nityanaimittikakāmyānyapīti । dehavyatiriktātmani ajñāte pravṛttiḥ nityādikarmasu anupapannā iti cet , na ; calanātmakasya karmaṇaḥ anātmakartṛkasya ‘ahaṁ karomi’ iti pravṛttidarśanāt । dehādisaṅghāte ahaṁpratyayaḥ gauṇaḥ, na mithyā iti cet , na ; tatkāryeṣvapi gauṇatvopapatteḥ । ātmīye dehādisaṅghāte ahaṁpratyayaḥ gauṇaḥ ; yathā ātmīye putre ‘ātmā vai putranāmāsi’ (tai. ā. ekā. 2 । 11) iti, loke ca ‘mama prāṇa eva ayaṁ gauḥ’ iti, tadvat । naivāyaṁ mithyāpratyayaḥ । mithyāpratyayastu sthāṇupuruṣayoḥ agṛhyamāṇaviśeṣayoḥ । na gauṇapratyayasya mukhyakāryārthatā, adhikaraṇastutyarthatvāt luptopamāśabdena । yathā ‘siṁho devadattaḥ’ ‘agnirmāṇavakaḥ’ iti siṁha iva agniriva krauryapaiṅgalyādisāmānyavattvāt devadattamāṇavakādhikaraṇastutyarthameva, na tu siṁhakāryam agnikāryaṁ vā gauṇaśabdapratyayanimittaṁ kiñcitsādhyate ; mithyāpratyayakāryaṁ tu anarthamanubhavati iti । gauṇapratyayaviṣayaṁ jānāti ‘naiṣa siṁhaḥ devadattaḥ’, tathā ‘nāyamagnirmāṇavakaḥ’ iti । tathā gauṇena dehādisaṅghātena ātmanā kṛtaṁ karma na mukhyena ahaṁpratyayaviṣayeṇa ātmanā kṛtaṁ syāt । na hi gauṇasiṁhāgnibhyāṁ kṛtaṁ karma mukhyasiṁhāgnibhyāṁ kṛtaṁ syāt । na ca krauryeṇa paiṅgalyena vā mukhyasiṁhāgnyoḥ kāryaṁ kiñcit kriyate, stutyarthatvena upakṣīṇatvāt । stūyamānau ca jānītaḥ ‘na ahaṁ siṁhaḥ’ ‘na aham agniḥ’ iti ; na hi ‘siṁhasya karma mama agneśca’ iti । tathā ‘na saṅghātasya karma mama mukhyasya ātmanaḥ’ iti pratyayaḥ yuktataraḥ syāt ; na punaḥ ‘ahaṁ kartā mama karma’ iti । yacca āhuḥ ‘ātmīyaiḥ smṛtīcchāprayatnaiḥ karmahetubhirātmā karma karoti’ iti, na ; teṣāṁ mithyāpratyayapūrvakatvāt । mithyāpratyayanimitteṣṭāniṣṭānubhūtakriyāphalajanitasaṁskārapūrvakāḥ hi smṛtīcchāprayatnādayaḥ । yathā asmin janmani dehādisaṅghātābhimānarāgadveṣādikṛtau dharmādharmau tatphalānubhavaśca, tathā atīte atītatare'pi janmani iti anādiravidyākṛtaḥ saṁsāraḥ atīto'nāgataśca anumeyaḥ । tataśca sarvakarmasaṁnyāsasahitajñānaniṣṭhayā ātyantikaḥ saṁsāroparama iti siddham । avidyātmakatvācca dehābhimānasya, tannivṛttau dehānupapatteḥ saṁsārānupapattiḥ । dehādisaṅghāte ātmābhimānaḥ avidyātmakaḥ । na hi loke ‘gavādibhyo'nyo'ham , mattaścānye gavādayaḥ’ iti jānan tān ‘aham’ iti manyate kaścit । ajānaṁstu sthāṇau puruṣavijñānavat avivekataḥ dehādisaṅghāte kuryāt ‘aham’ iti pratyayam , na vivekataḥ jānan । yastu ‘ātmā vai putra nāmāsi’ (tai. ā. ekā. 2 । 11) iti putre ahaṁpratyayaḥ, sa tu janyajanakasambandhanimittaḥ gauṇaḥ । gauṇena ca ātmanā bhojanādivat paramārthakāryaṁ na śakyate kartum , gauṇasiṁhāgnibhyāṁ mukhyasiṁhāgnikāryavat ॥
adṛṣṭaviṣayacodanāprāmāṇyāt ātmakartavyaṁ gauṇaiḥ dehendriyātmabhiḥ kriyata eva iti cet , na ; avidyākṛtātmatvātteṣām । na ca gauṇāḥ ātmānaḥ dehendriyādayaḥ ; kiṁ tarhi ? mithyāpratyayenaiva anātmānaḥ santaḥ ātmatvamāpādyante, tadbhāve bhāvāt , tadabhāve ca abhāvāt । avivekināṁ hi ajñānakāle bālānāṁ dṛśyate ‘dīrgho'ham’ ‘gauro'ham’ iti dehādisaṅghāte ahaṁpratyayaḥ । na tu vivekinām ‘anyo'haṁ dehādisaṅghātāt’ iti jānatāṁ tatkāle dehādisaṅghāte ahaṁpratyayaḥ bhavati । tasmāt mithyāpratyayābhāve abhāvāt tatkṛta eva, na gauṇaḥ । pṛthaggṛhyamāṇaviśeṣasāmānyayorhi siṁhadevadattayoḥ agnimāṇavakayorvā gauṇaḥ pratyayaḥ śabdaprayogo vā syāt , na agṛhyamāṇaviśeṣasāmānyayoḥ । yattu uktam ‘śrutiprāmāṇyāt’ iti, tat na ; tatprāmāṇyasya adṛṣṭaviṣayatvāt । pratyakṣādipramāṇānupalabdhe hi viṣaye agnihotrādisādhyasādhanasambandhe śruteḥ prāmāṇyam , na pratyakṣādiviṣaye, adṛṣṭadarśanārthaviṣayatvāt prāmāṇyasya । tasmāt na dṛṣṭamithyājñānanimittasya ahaṁpratyayasya dehādisaṅghāte gauṇatvaṁ kalpayituṁ śakyam । na hi śrutiśatamapi ‘śīto'gniraprakāśo vā’ iti bruvat prāmāṇyamupaiti । yadi brūyāt ‘śīto'gniraprakāśo vā’ iti, tathāpi arthāntaraṁ śruteḥ vivakṣitaṁ kalpyam , prāmāṇyānyathānupapatteḥ, na tu pramāṇāntaraviruddhaṁ svavacanaviruddhaṁ vā । karmaṇaḥ mithyāpratyayavatkartṛkatvāt karturabhāve śruteraprāmāṇyamiti cet , na ; brahmavidyāyāmarthavattvopapatteḥ ॥
karmavidhiśrutivat brahmavidyāvidhiśruterapi aprāmāṇyaprasaṅga iti cet , na ; bādhakapratyayānupapatteḥ । yathā brahmavidyāvidhiśrutyā ātmani avagate dehādisaṅghāte ahaṁpratyayaḥ bādhyate, tathā ātmanyeva ātmāvagatiḥ na kadācit kenacit kathañcidapi bādhituṁ śakyā, phalāvyatirekādavagateḥ, yathā agniḥ uṣṇaḥ prakāśaśca iti । na ca evaṁ karmavidhiśruteraprāmāṇyam , pūrvapūrvapravṛttinirodhena uttarottarāpūrvapravṛttijananasya pratyagātmābhimukhyena pravṛttyutpādanārthatvāt । mithyātve'pi upāyasya upeyasatyatayā satyatvameva syāt , yathā arthavādānāṁ vidhiśeṣāṇām ; loke'pi bālonmattādīnāṁ payaādau pāyayitavye cūḍāvardhanādivacanam । prakārāntarasthānāṁ ca sākṣādeva vā prāmāṇyaṁ siddham , prāgātmajñānāt dehābhimānanimittapratyakṣādiprāmāṇyavat । yattu manyase — svayamavyāpriyamāṇo'pi ātmā saṁnidhimātreṇa karoti, tadeva mukhyaṁ kartṛtvamātmanaḥ ; yathā rājā yudhyamāneṣu yodheṣu yudhyata iti prasiddhaṁ svayamayudhyamāno'pi saṁnidhānādeva jitaḥ parājitaśceti, tathā senāpatiḥ vācaiva karoti ; kriyāphalasambandhaśca rājñaḥ senāpateśca dṛṣṭaḥ । yathā ca ṛtvikkarma yajamānasya, tathā dehādīnāṁ karma ātmakṛtaṁ syāt , phalasya ātmagāmitvāt । yathā vā bhrāmakasya lohabhrāmayitṛtvāt avyāpṛtasyaiva mukhyameva kartṛtvam , tathā ca ātmanaḥ iti । tat asat ; akurvataḥ kārakatvaprasaṅgāt । kārakamanekaprakāramiti cet , na ; rājaprabhṛtīnāṁ mukhyasyāpi kartṛtvasya darśanāt । rājā tāvat svavyāpāreṇāpi yudhyate ; yodhānāṁ ca yodhayitṛtve dhanadāne ca mukhyameva kartṛtvam , tathā jayaparājayaphalopabhoge । yajamānasyāpi pradhānatyāge dakṣiṇādāne ca mukhyameva kartṛtvam । tasmāt avyāpṛtasya kartṛtvopacāro yaḥ, saḥ gauṇaḥ iti avagamyate । yadi mukhyaṁ kartṛtvaṁ svavyāpāralakṣaṇaṁ nopalabhyate rājayajamānaprabhṛtīnām , tadā saṁnidhimātreṇāpi kartṛtvaṁ mukhyaṁ parikalpyeta ; yathā bhrāmakasya lohabhramaṇena, na tathā rājayajamānādīnāṁ svavyāpāro nopalabhyate । tasmāt saṁnidhimātreṇa kartṛtvaṁ gauṇameva । tathā ca sati tatphalasambandho'pi gauṇa eva syāt । na gauṇena mukhyaṁ kāryaṁ nirvartyate । tasmāt asadeva etat gīyate ‘dehādīnāṁ vyāpāreṇa avyāpṛtaḥ ātmā kartā bhoktā ca syāt’ iti । bhrāntinimittaṁ tu sarvam upapadyate, yathā svapne ; māyāyāṁ ca evam । na ca dehādyātmapratyayabhrāntisantānavicchedeṣu suṣuptisamādhyādiṣu kartṛtvabhoktṛtvādyanarthaḥ upalabhyate । tasmāt bhrāntipratyayanimittaḥ eva ayaṁ saṁsārabhramaḥ, na tu paramārthaḥ ; iti samyagdarśanāt atyanta evoparama iti siddham ॥ 66 ॥
sarvaṁ gītāśāstrārthamupasaṁhṛtya asminnadhyāye, viśeṣataśca ante, iha śāstrārthadārḍhyāya saṅkṣepataḥ upasaṁhāraṁ kṛtvā, atha idānīṁ śāstrasampradāyavidhimāha —
idaṁ te nātapaskāya
nābhaktāya kadācana ।
na cāśuśrūṣave vācyaṁ
na ca māṁ yo'bhyasūyati ॥ 67 ॥
idaṁ śāstraṁ te tava hitāya mayā uktaṁ saṁsāravicchittaye atapaskāya taporahitāya na vācyam iti vyavahitena sambadhyate । tapasvine'pi abhaktāya gurau deve ca bhaktirahitāya kadācana kasyāñcidapi avasthāyāṁ na vācyam । bhaktaḥ tapasvī api san aśuśrūṣuḥ yo bhavati tasmai api na vācyam । na ca yo māṁ vāsudevaṁ prākṛtaṁ manuṣyaṁ matvā abhyasūyati ātmapraśaṁsādidoṣādhyāropaṇena īśvaratvaṁ mama ajānan na sahate, asāvapi ayogyaḥ, tasmai api na vācyam । bhagavati anasūyāyuktāya tapasvine bhaktāya śuśrūṣave vācyaṁ śāstram iti sāmarthyāt gamyate । tatra ‘medhāvine tapasvine vā’ (yāska. ni. 2 । 1 । 6) iti anayoḥ vikalpadarśanāt śuśrūṣābhaktiyuktāya tapasvine tadyuktāya medhāvine vā vācyam । śuśrūṣābhaktiviyuktāya na tapasvine nāpi medhāvine vācyam । bhagavati asūyāyuktāya samastaguṇavate'pi na vācyam । guruśuśrūṣābhaktimate ca vācyam ityeṣaḥ śāstrasampradāyavidhiḥ ॥ 67 ॥
sampradāyasya kartuḥ phalam idānīm āha —
ya imaṁ paramaṁ guhyaṁ
madbhakteṣvabhidhāsyati ।
bhaktiṁ mayi parāṁ kṛtvā
māmevaiṣyatyasaṁśayaḥ ॥ 68 ॥
yaḥ imaṁ yathoktaṁ paramaṁ paramaniḥśreyasārthaṁ keśavārjunayoḥ saṁvādarūpaṁ granthaṁ guhyaṁ gopyatamaṁ madbhakteṣu mayi bhaktimatsu abhidhāsyati vakṣyati, granthataḥ arthataśca sthāpayiṣyatītyarthaḥ, yathā tvayi mayā । bhakteḥ punargrahaṇāt bhaktimātreṇa kevalena śāstrasampradāne pātraṁ bhavatīti gamyate । katham abhidhāsyati iti, ucyate — bhaktiṁ mayi parāṁ kṛtvā ‘bhagavataḥ paramaguroḥ acyutasya śuśrūṣā mayā kriyate’ ityevaṁ kṛtvetyarthaḥ । tasya idaṁ phalam — māmeva eṣyati mucyate eva । asaṁśayaḥ atra saṁśayaḥ na kartavyaḥ ॥ 68 ॥
kiñca —
na ca tasmānmanuṣyeṣu kaścinme priyakṛttamaḥ ।
bhavitā na ca me tasmādanyaḥ priyataro bhuvi ॥ 69 ॥
na ca tasmāt śāstrasampradāyakṛtaḥ manuṣyeṣu manuṣyāṇāṁ madhye kaścit me mama priyakṛttamaḥ atiśayena priyakaraḥ, anyaḥ priyakṛttamaḥ, nāstyeva ityarthaḥ vartamāneṣu । na ca bhavitā bhaviṣyatyapi kāle tasmāt dvitīyaḥ anyaḥ priyataraḥ priyakṛttaraḥ bhuvi loke'smin na bhavitā ॥ 69 ॥
yo'pi —
adhyeṣyate ca ya imaṁ dharmyaṁ saṁvādamāvayoḥ ।
jñānayajñena tenāhamiṣṭaḥ syāmiti me matiḥ ॥ 70 ॥
adhyeṣyate ca paṭhiṣyati yaḥ imaṁ dharmyaṁ dharmādanapetaṁ saṁvādarūpaṁ granthaṁ āvayoḥ, tena idaṁ kṛtaṁ syāt । jñānayajñena — vidhijapopāṁśumānasānāṁ yajñānāṁ jñānayajñaḥ mānasatvāt viśiṣṭatamaḥ ityataḥ tena jñānayajñena gītāśāstrasya adhyayanaṁ stūyate ; phalavidhireva vā, devatādiviṣayajñānayajñaphalatulyam asya phalaṁ bhavatīti — tena adhyayanena aham iṣṭaḥ pūjitaḥ syāṁ bhaveyam iti me mama matiḥ niścayaḥ ॥ 70 ॥
atha śrotuḥ idaṁ phalam —
śraddhāvānanasūyaśca śṛṇuyādapi yo naraḥ ।
so'pi muktaḥ śubhāṁllokānprāpnuyātpuṇyakarmaṇām ॥ 71 ॥
śraddhāvān śraddadhānaḥ anasūyaśca asūyāvarjitaḥ san imaṁ granthaṁ śṛṇuyādapi yo naraḥ, apiśabdāt kimuta arthajñānavān , so'pi pāpāt muktaḥ śubhān praśastān lokān prāpnuyāt puṇyakarmaṇām agnihotrādikarmavatām ॥ 71 ॥
śiṣyasya śāstrārthagrahaṇāgrahaṇavivekabubhutsayā pṛcchati । tadagrahaṇe jñāte punaḥ grāhayiṣyāmi upāyāntareṇāpi iti praṣṭuḥ abhiprāyaḥ । yatnāntaraṁ ca āsthāya śiṣyasya kṛtārthatā kartavyā iti ācāryadharmaḥ pradarśito bhavati —
kaccidetacchrutaṁ pārtha
tvayaikāgreṇa cetasā ।
kaccidajñānasaṁmohaḥ
praṇaṣṭaste dhanañjaya ॥ 72 ॥
kaccit kim etat mayā uktaṁ śrutaṁ śravaṇena avadhāritaṁ pārtha, tvayā ekāgreṇa cetasā cittena ? kiṁ vā apramādataḥ ? kaccit ajñānasaṁmohaḥ ajñānanimittaḥ saṁmohaḥ aviviktabhāvaḥ avivekaḥ svābhāvikaḥ kiṁ praṇaṣṭaḥ ? yadarthaḥ ayaṁ śāstraśravaṇāyāsaḥ tava, mama ca upadeṣṭṛtvāyāsaḥ pravṛttaḥ, te tubhyaṁ he dhanañjaya ॥ 72 ॥
arjuna uvāca —
naṣṭo mohaḥ smṛtirlabdhā
tvatprasādānmayācyuta ।
sthito'smi gatasandehaḥ
kariṣye vacanaṁ tava ॥ 73 ॥
naṣṭaḥ mohaḥ ajñānajaḥ samastasaṁsārānarthahetuḥ,
sāgara iva duruttaraḥ ।
smṛtiśca ātmatattvaviṣayā labdhā,
yasyāḥ lābhāt sarvahṛdayagranthīnāṁ vipramokṣaḥ ;
tvatprasādāt tava prasādāt mayā tvatprasādam āśritena acyuta ।
anena mohanāśapraśnaprativacanena sarvaśāstrārthajñānaphalam etāvadeveti niścitaṁ darśitaṁ bhavati,
yataḥ jñānāt mohanāśaḥ ātmasmṛtilābhaśceti ।
tathā ca śrutau ‘anātmavit śocāmi’ (chā. u. 7 । 1 । 3) iti upanyasya ātmajñānena sarvagranthīnāṁ vipramokṣaḥ uktaḥ ;
‘bhidyate hṛdayagranthiḥ’ (mu. u. 2 । 2 । 9) ‘tatra ko mohaḥ kaḥ śokaḥ ekatvamanupaśyataḥ’ (ī. u. 7) iti ca mantravarṇaḥ ।
atha idānīṁ tvacchāsane sthitaḥ asmi gatasandehaḥ muktasaṁśayaḥ ।
kariṣye vacanaṁ tava ।
ahaṁ tvatprasādāt kṛtārthaḥ,
na me kartavyam asti ityabhiprāyaḥ ॥ 73 ॥
parisamāptaḥ śāstrārthaḥ । atha idānīṁ kathāsambandhapradarśanārthaṁ sañjayaḥ uvāca —
sañjaya uvāca —
ityahaṁ vāsudevasya pārthasya ca mahātmanaḥ ।
saṁvādamimamaśrauṣamadbhutaṁ romaharṣaṇam ॥ 74 ॥
iti evam ahaṁ vāsudevasya pārthasya ca mahātmanaḥ saṁvādam imaṁ yathoktam aśrauṣaṁ śrutavān asmi adbhutam atyantavismayakaraṁ romaharṣaṇaṁ romāñcakaram ॥ 74 ॥
taṁ ca imam —
vyāsaprasādācchrutavānimaṁ guhyatamaṁ param ।
yogaṁ yogeśvarātkṛṣṇātsākṣātkathayataḥ svayam ॥ 75 ॥
vyāsaprasādāt tataḥ divyacakṣurlābhāt śrutavān imaṁ saṁvādaṁ guhyatamaṁ paraṁ yogam , yogārthatvāt grantho'pi yogaḥ, saṁvādam imaṁ yogameva vā yogeśvarāt kṛṣṇāt sākṣāt kathayataḥ svayam , na paramparayā ॥ 75 ॥
rājan saṁsmṛtya saṁsmṛtya
saṁvādamimamadbhutam ।
keśavārjunayoḥ puṇyaṁ
hṛṣyāmi ca muhurmuhuḥ ॥ 76 ॥
he rājan dhṛtarāṣṭra, saṁsmṛtya saṁsmṛtya pratikṣaṇaṁ saṁvādam imam adbhutaṁ keśavārjunayoḥ puṇyam imaṁ śravaṇenāpi pāpaharaṁ śrutvā hṛṣyāmi ca muhurmuhuḥ pratikṣaṇam ॥ 76 ॥
tacca saṁsmṛtya saṁsmṛtya
rūpamatyadbhutaṁ hareḥ ।
vismayo me mahānrājan
hṛṣyāmi ca punaḥ punaḥ ॥ 77 ॥
tacca saṁsmṛtya saṁsmṛtya rūpam atyadbhutaṁ hareḥ viśvarūpaṁ vismayo me mahān rājan , hṛṣyāmi ca punaḥ punaḥ ॥ 77 ॥
kiṁ bahunā —
yatra yogeśvaraḥ kṛṣṇo yatra pārtho dhanurdharaḥ ।
tatra śrīrvijayo bhūtirdhruvā nītirmatirmama ॥ 78 ॥
yatra yasmin pakṣe yogeśvaraḥ sarvayogānām īśvaraḥ, tatprabhavatvāt sarvayogabījasya, kṛṣṇaḥ, yatra pārthaḥ yasmin pakṣe dhanurdharaḥ gāṇḍīvadhanvā, tatra śrīḥ tasmin pāṇḍavānāṁ pakṣe śrīḥ vijayaḥ, tatraiva bhūtiḥ śriyo viśeṣaḥ vistāraḥ bhūtiḥ, dhruvā avyabhicāriṇī nītiḥ nayaḥ, ityevaṁ matiḥ mama iti ॥ 78 ॥
iti śrīmatparamahaṁsaparivrājakācāryasya śrīgovindabhagavatpūjyapādaśiṣyasya śrīmacchaṅkarabhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmadbhagavadgītābhāṣye aṣṭādaśo'dhyāyaḥ ॥