sañjaya uvāca —
taṁ tathā kṛpayāviṣṭamaśrupūrṇākulekṣaṇam ।
viṣīdantamidaṁ vākyamuvāca madhusūdanaḥ ॥ 1 ॥
śrībhagavānuvāca —
kutastvā kaśmalamidaṁ viṣame samupasthitam ।
anāryajuṣṭamasvargyamakīrtikaramarjuna ॥ 2 ॥
klaibyaṁ mā sma gamaḥ pārtha naitattvayyupapadyate ।
kṣudraṁ hṛdayadaurbalyaṁ tyaktvottiṣṭha parantapa ॥ 3 ॥
arjuna uvāca —
kathaṁ bhīṣmamahaṁ saṁkhye droṇaṁ ca madhusūdana ।
iṣubhiḥ pratiyotsyāmi pūjārhāvarisūdana ॥ 4 ॥
gurūnahatvā hi mahānubhāvān śreyo bhoktuṁ bhaikṣamapīha loke ।
hatvārthakāmāṁstu gurūnihaiva bhuñjīya bhogānrudhirapradigdhān ॥ 5 ॥
na caitadvidmaḥ kataranno garīyo yadvā jayema yadi vā no jayeyuḥ ।
yāneva hatvā na jijīviṣāmaste'vasthitāḥ pramukhe dhārtarāṣṭrāḥ ॥ 6 ॥
kārpaṇyadoṣopahatasvabhāvaḥ pṛcchāmi tvāṁ dharmasaṁmūḍhacetāḥ ।
yacchreyaḥ syānniścitaṁ brūhi tanme śiṣyaste'haṁ śādhi māṁ tvāṁ prapannam ॥ 7 ॥
na hi prapaśyāmi mamāpanudyādyacchokamucchoṣaṇamindriyāṇām ।
avāpya bhūmāvasapatnamṛddhaṁ rājyaṁ surāṇāmapi cādhipatyam ॥ 8 ॥
sañjaya uvāca —
evamuktvā hṛṣīkeśaṁ guḍākeśaḥ parantapaḥ ।
na yotsya iti govindamuktvā tūṣṇīṁ babhūva ha ॥ 9 ॥
tamuvāca hṛṣīkeśaḥ prahasanniva bhārata ।
senayorubhayormadhye viṣīdantamidaṁ vacaḥ ॥ 10 ॥
atra ‘dṛṣṭvā tu pāṇḍavānīkam’ (bha. gī. 1 । 2) ityārabhya yāvat ‘na yotsya iti govindamuktvā tūṣṇīṁ babhūva ha’ (bha. gī. 2 । 9) ityetadantaḥ prāṇināṁ śokamohādisaṁsārabījabhūtadoṣodbhavakāraṇapradarśanārthatvena vyākhyeyo granthaḥ ।
tathāhi —
arjunena rājyaguruputramitrasuhṛtsvajanasambandhibāndhaveṣu ‘
ahameteṣām’ ‘
mamaite’
ityevaṁpratyayanimittasnehavicchedādinimittau ātmanaḥ śokamohau pradarśitau ‘kathaṁ bhīṣmamahaṁ saṅkhye’ (bha. gī. 2 । 4) ityādinā ।
śokamohābhyāṁ hyabhibhūtavivekavijñānaḥ svata eva kṣatradharme yuddhe pravṛtto'pi tasmādyuddhādupararāma ;
paradharmaṁ ca bhikṣājīvanādikaṁ kartuṁ pravavṛte ।
tathā ca sarvaprāṇināṁ śokamohādidoṣāviṣṭacetasāṁ svabhāvata eva svadharmaparityāgaḥ pratiṣiddhasevā ca syāt ।
svadharme pravṛttānāmapi teṣāṁ vāṅmanaḥkāyādīnāṁ pravṛttiḥ phalābhisandhipūrvikaiva sāhaṅkārā ca bhavati ।
tatraivaṁ sati dharmādharmopacayāt iṣṭāniṣṭajanmasukhaduḥḳhādiprāptilakṣaṇaḥ saṁsāraḥ anuparato bhavati ।
ityataḥ saṁsārabījabhūtau śokamohau tayośca sarvakarmasaṁnyāsapūrvakādātmajñānāt nānyato nivṛttiriti tadupadidikṣuḥ sarvalokānugrahārtham arjunaṁ nimittīkṛtya āha bhagavānvāsudevaḥ —
‘aśocyān’ (bha. gī. 2 । 11) ityādi ॥
tadasat ;
jñānakarmaniṣṭhayorvibhāgavacanādbuddhidvayāśrayayoḥ ।
‘aśocyān’ (bha. gī. 2 । 11) ityādinā bhagavatā yāvat ‘svadharmamapi cāvekṣya’ (bha. gī. 2 । 31) ityetadantena granthena yatparamārthātmatattvanirūpaṇaṁ kṛtam ,
tatsāṅkhyam ।
tadviṣayā buddhiḥ ātmano janmādiṣaḍvikriyābhāvādakartā ātmeti prakaraṇārthanirūpaṇāt yā jāyate,
sā sāṅkhyā buddhiḥ ।
sā yeṣāṁ jñānināmucitā bhavati,
te sāṅkhyāḥ ।
etasyā buddheḥ janmanaḥ prāk ātmano dehādivyatiriktatvakartṛtvabhoktṛtvādyapekṣo dharmādharmavivekapūrvako mokṣasādhanānuṣṭhānalakṣaṇo yogaḥ ।
tadviṣayā buddhiḥ yogabuddhiḥ ।
sā yeṣāṁ karmiṇāmucitā bhavati te yoginaḥ ।
tathā ca bhagavatā vibhakte dve buddhī nirdiṣṭe ‘eṣā te'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhiryoge tvimāṁ śṛṇu’ (bha. gī. 2 । 39) iti ।
tayośca sāṅkhyabuddhyāśrayāṁ jñānayogena niṣṭhāṁ sāṅkhyānāṁ vibhaktāṁ vakṣyati ‘purā vedātmanā mayā proktā’ (bha. gī. 3 । 3) iti ।
tathā ca yogabuddhyāśrayāṁ karmayogena niṣṭhāṁ vibhaktāṁ vakṣyati — ‘
karmayogena yoginām’
iti ।
evaṁ sāṅkhyabuddhiṁ yogabuddhiṁ ca āśritya dve niṣṭhe vibhakte bhagavataiva ukte jñānakarmaṇoḥ kartṛtvākartṛtvaikatvānekatvabuddhyāśrayayoḥ yugapadekapuruṣāśrayatvāsambhavaṁ paśyatā ।
yathā etadvibhāgavacanam ,
tathaiva darśitaṁ śātapathīye brāhmaṇe — ‘
etameva pravrājino lokamicchanto brāhmaṇāḥ pravrajanti’
iti sarvakarmasaṁnyāsaṁ vidhāya taccheṣeṇa ‘kiṁ prajayā kariṣyāmo yeṣāṁ no'yamātmāyaṁ lokaḥ’ (bṛ. u. 4 । 4 । 22) iti ।
tatra ca prāk dāraparigrahāt puruṣaḥ ātmā prākṛto dharmajijñāsottarakālaṁ lokatrayasādhanam —
putram ,
dviprakāraṁ ca vittaṁ mānuṣaṁ daivaṁ ca ;
tatra mānuṣaṁ karmarūpaṁ pitṛlokaprāptisādhanaṁ vidyāṁ ca daivaṁ vittaṁ devalokaprāptisādhanam —
‘so'kāmayata’ (bṛ. u. 1 । 4 । 17) iti avidyākāmavata eva sarvāṇi karmāṇi śrautādīni darśitāni ।
tebhyaḥ ‘
vyutthāya,
pravrajanti’
iti vyutthānamātmānameva lokamicchato'kāmasya vihitam ।
tadetadvibhāgavacanamanupapannaṁ syādyadi śrautakarmajñānayoḥ samuccayo'bhipretaḥ syādbhagavataḥ ॥
kiñca —
yadi buddhikarmaṇoḥ sarveṣāṁ samuccaya uktaḥ syāt arjunasyāpi sa ukta eveti,
‘yacchreya etayorekaṁ tanme brūhi suniścitam’ (bha. gī. 5 । 1) iti kathamubhayorupadeśe sati anyataraviṣaya eva praśnaḥ syāt ?
na hi pittapraśamanārthinaḥ vaidyena madhuraṁ śītalaṁ ca bhoktavyam ityupadiṣṭe tayoranyataratpittapraśamanakāraṇaṁ brūhi iti praśnaḥ sambhavati ॥
atha arjunasya bhagavaduktavacanārthavivekānavadhāraṇanimittaḥ praśnaḥ kalpyeta,
tathāpi bhagavatā praśnānurūpaṁ prativacanaṁ deyam —
mayā buddhikarmaṇoḥ samuccaya uktaḥ,
kimarthamitthaṁ tvaṁ bhrānto'si —
iti ।
na tu punaḥ prativacanamananurūpaṁ pṛṣṭādanyadeva ‘dve niṣṭhe mayā purā prokte’ (bha. gī. 3 । 3) iti vaktuṁ yuktam ॥
tasmādgītāśāstre īṣanmātreṇāpi śrautena smārtena vā karmaṇā ātmajñānasya samuccayo na kenaciddarśayituṁ śakyaḥ ।
yasya tu ajñānāt rāgādidoṣato vā karmaṇi pravṛttasya yajñena dānena tapasā vā viśuddhasattvasya jñānamutpannamparamārthatattvaviṣayam ‘
ekamevedaṁ sarvaṁ brahma akartṛ ca’
iti,
tasya karmaṇi karmaprayojane ca nivṛtte'pi lokasaṅgrahārthaṁ yatnapūrvaṁ yathā pravṛttiḥ,
tathaiva pravṛttasya yatpravṛttirūpaṁ dṛśyate na tatkarma yena buddheḥ samuccayaḥ syāt ;
yathā bhagavato vāsudevasya kṣatradharmaceṣṭitaṁ na jñānena samuccīyate puruṣārthasiddhaye,
tadvat tatphalābhisandhyahaṅkārābhāvasya tulyatvādviduṣaḥ ।
tattvavinnāhaṁ karomīti manyate,
na ca tatphalamabhisandhatte ।
yathā ca svargādikāmārthinaḥ agnihotrādikarmalakṣaṇadharmānuṣṭhānāya āhitāgneḥ kāmye eva agnihotrādau pravṛttasya sāmi kṛte vinaṣṭe'pi kāme tadeva agnihotrādyanutiṣṭhato'pi na tatkāmyamagnihotrādi bhavati ।
tathā ca darśayati bhagavān —
‘kurvannapi na lipyate’ (bha. gī. 5 । 7) ‘na karoti na lipyate’ (bha. gī. 13 । 31) iti tatra tatra ॥
tasmādgītāśāstre kevalādeva tattvajñānānmokṣaprāptiḥ na karmasamuccitāt , iti niścito'rthaḥ । yathā cāyamarthaḥ, tathā prakaraṇaśo vibhajya tatra tatra darśayiṣyāmaḥ ॥
tatraivaṁ dharmasaṁmūḍhacetaso mithyājñānavato mahati śokasāgare nimagnasya arjunasya anyatrātmajñānāduddharaṇamapaśyan bhagavānvāsudevaḥ tataḥ kṛpayā arjunamuddidhārayiṣuḥ ātmajñānāyāvatārayannāha —
śrībhagavānuvāca —
aśocyānanvaśocastvaṁ prajñāvādāṁśca bhāṣase ।
gatāsūnagatāsūṁśca nānuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ॥ 11 ॥
aśocyān ityādi ।
na śocyā aśocyāḥ bhīṣmadroṇādayaḥ,
sadvṛttatvāt paramārthasvarūpeṇa ca nityatvāt ,
tān aśocyān anvaśocaḥ anuśocitavānasi ‘
te mriyante mannimittam ,
ahaṁ tairvinābhūtaḥ kiṁ kariṣyāmi rājyasukhādinā’
iti ।
tvaṁ prajñāvādān prajñāvatāṁ buddhimatāṁ vādāṁśca vacanāni ca bhāṣase |
tadetat mauḍhyaṁ pāṇḍityaṁ ca viruddham ātmani darśayasi unmatta iva ityabhiprāyaḥ ।
yasmāt gatāsūn gataprāṇān mṛtān ,
agatāsūn agataprāṇān jīvataśca na anuśocanti paṇḍitāḥ ātmajñāḥ ।
paṇḍā ātmaviṣayā buddhiḥ yeṣāṁ te hi paṇḍitāḥ,
‘pāṇḍityaṁ nirvidya’ (bṛ. u. 3 । 5 । 1) iti śruteḥ ।
paramārthatastu tān nityān aśocyān anuśocasi,
ato mūḍho'si ityabhiprāyaḥ ॥ 11 ॥
kutaste aśocyāḥ, yato nityāḥ । katham ? —
na tvevāhaṁ jātu nāsaṁ na tvaṁ neme janādhipāḥ ।
na caiva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ sarve vayamataḥ param ॥ 12 ॥
na tu eva jātu kadācit ahaṁ nāsam , kiṁ tu āsameva । atīteṣu dehotpattivināśeṣu ghaṭādiṣu viyadiva nitya eva ahamāsamityabhiprāyaḥ । tathā na tvaṁ na āsīḥ, kiṁ tu āsīreva । tathā na ime janādhipāḥ na āsan , kiṁ tu āsanneva । tathā na ca eva na bhaviṣyāmaḥ, kiṁ tu bhaviṣyāma eva, sarve vayam ataḥ asmāt dehavināśāt param uttarakāle api । triṣvapi kāleṣu nityā ātmasvarūpeṇa ityarthaḥ । dehabhedānuvṛttyā bahuvacanam , nātmabhedābhiprāyeṇa ॥ 12 ॥
tatra kathamiva nitya ātmeti dṛṣṭāntamāha —
dehino'sminyathā dehe kaumāraṁ yauvanaṁ jarā ।
tathā dehāntaraprāptirdhīrastatra na muhyati ॥ 13 ॥
dehaḥ asya astīti dehī, tasya dehino dehavataḥ ātmanaḥ asmin vartamāne dehe yathā yena prakāreṇa kaumāraṁ kumārabhāvo bālyāvasthā, yauvanaṁ yūno bhāvo madhyamāvasthā, jarā vayohāniḥ jīrṇāvasthā, ityetāḥ tisraḥ avasthāḥ anyonyavilakṣaṇāḥ । tāsāṁ prathamāvasthānāśe na nāśaḥ, dvitīyāvasthopajane na upajana ātmanaḥ । kiṁ tarhi ? avikriyasyaiva dvitīyatṛtīyāvasthāprāptiḥ ātmano dṛṣṭā । tathā tadvadeva dehāt anyo deho dehāntaram , tasya prāptiḥ dehāntaraprāptiḥ avikriyasyaiva ātmanaḥ ityarthaḥ । dhīro dhīmān , tatra evaṁ sati na muhyati na mohamāpadyate ॥ 13 ॥
yadyapi ātmavināśanimitto moho na sambhavati nitya ātmā iti vijānataḥ, tathāpi śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhaprāptinimitto moho laukiko dṛśyate, sukhaviyoganimitto mohaḥ duḥkhasaṁyoganimittaśca śokaḥ । ityetadarjunasya vacanamāśaṅkya bhagavānāha —
mātrāsparśāstu kaunteya śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ ।
āgamāpāyino'nityāstāṁstitikṣasva bhārata ॥ 14 ॥
mātrāḥ ābhiḥ mīyante śabdādaya iti śrotrādīni indriyāṇi । mātrāṇāṁ sparśāḥ śabdādibhiḥ saṁyogāḥ । te śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ śītam uṣṇaṁ sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ ca prayacchantīti । athavā spṛśyanta iti sparśāḥ viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ । mātrāśca sparśāśca śītoṣṇasukhaduḥkhadāḥ । śītaṁ kadācit sukhaṁ kadācit duḥkham । tathā uṣṇamapi aniyatasvarūpam । sukhaduḥkhe punaḥ niyatarūpe yato na vyabhicarataḥ । ataḥ tābhyāṁ pṛthak śītoṣṇayoḥ grahaṇam । yasmāt te mātrāsparśādayaḥ āgamāpāyinaḥ āgamāpāyaśīlāḥ tasmāt anityāḥ । ataḥ tān śītoṣṇādīn titikṣasva prasahasva । teṣu harṣaṁ viṣādaṁ vā mā kārṣīḥ ityarthaḥ ॥ 14 ॥
śītoṣṇādīn sahataḥ kiṁ syāditi śṛṇu —
yaṁ hi na vyathayantyete puruṣaṁ puruṣarṣabha ।
samaduḥkhasukhaṁ dhīraṁ so'mṛtatvāya kalpate ॥ 15 ॥
yaṁ hi puruṣaṁ same duḥkhasukhe yasya taṁ samaduḥkhasukhaṁ sukhaduḥkhaprāptau harṣaviṣādarahitaṁ dhīraṁ dhīmantaṁ na vyathayanti na cālayanti nityātmadarśanāt ete yathoktāḥ śītoṣṇādayaḥ, saḥ nityātmasvarūpadarśananiṣṭho dvandvasahiṣṇuḥ amṛtatvāya amṛtabhāvāya mokṣāyetyarthaḥ, kalpate samartho bhavati ॥ 15 ॥
itaśca śokamohau akṛtvā śītoṣṇādisahanaṁ yuktam , yasmāt —
nāsato vidyate bhāvo nābhāvo vidyate sataḥ ।
ubhayorapi dṛṣṭo'ntastvanayostattvadarśibhiḥ ॥ 16 ॥
na asataḥ avidyamānasya śītoṣṇādeḥ sakāraṇasya na vidyate nāsti bhāvo bhavanam astitā ॥
na hi śītoṣṇādi sakāraṇaṁ pramāṇairnirūpyamāṇaṁ vastusadbhavati । vikāro hi saḥ, vikāraśca vyabhicarati । yathā ghaṭādisaṁsthānaṁ cakṣuṣā nirūpyamāṇaṁ mṛdvyatirekeṇānupalabdherasat , tathā sarvo vikāraḥ kāraṇavyatirekeṇānupalabdherasan । janmapradhvaṁsābhyāṁ prāgūrdhvaṁ ca anupalabdheḥ kāryasya ghaṭādeḥ mṛdādikāraṇasya ca tatkāraṇavyatirekeṇānupalabdherasattvam ॥
tadasattve sarvābhāvaprasaṅga iti cet , na ; sarvatra buddhidvayopalabdheḥ, sadbuddhirasadbuddhiriti । yadviṣayā buddhirna vyabhicarati, tat sat ; yadviṣayā vyabhicarati, tadasat ; iti sadasadvibhāge buddhitantre sthite, sarvatra dve buddhī sarvairupalabhyete samānādhikaraṇe na nīlotpalavat , san ghaṭaḥ, san paṭaḥ, san hastī iti । evaṁ sarvatra tayorbuddhyoḥ ghaṭādibuddhiḥ vyabhicarati । tathā ca darśitam । na tu sadbuddhiḥ । tasmāt ghaṭādibuddhiviṣayaḥ asan , vyabhicārāt ; na tu sadbuddhiviṣayaḥ, avyabhicārāt ॥
ghaṭe vinaṣṭe ghaṭabuddau vyabhicarantyāṁ sadbuddhirapi vyabhicaratīti cet , na ; paṭādāvapi sadbuddhidarśanāt । viśeṣaṇaviṣayaiva sā sadbuddhiḥ ॥
sadbuddhivat ghaṭabuddhirapi ghaṭāntare dṛśyata iti cet , na ; paṭādau adarśanāt ॥
sadbuddhirapi naṣṭe ghaṭe na dṛśyata iti cet , na ; viśeṣyābhāvāt sadbuddhiḥ viśeṣaṇaviṣayā satī viśeṣyābhāve viśeṣaṇānupapattau kiṁviṣayā syāt ? na tu punaḥ sadbuddheḥ viṣayābhāvāt ॥
ekādhikaraṇatvaṁ ghaṭādiviśeṣyābhāve na yuktamiti cet , na ; ‘idamudakam’ iti marīcyādau anyatarābhāve'pi sāmānādhikaraṇyadarśanāt ॥
tasmāddehādeḥ dvandvasya ca sakāraṇasya asato na vidyate bhāva iti । tathā sataśca ātmanaḥ abhāvaḥ avidyamānatā na vidyate, sarvatra avyabhicārāt iti avocāma ॥
evam ātmānātmanoḥ sadasatoḥ ubhayorapi dṛṣṭaḥ upalabdhaḥ anto nirṇayaḥ sat sadeva asat asadeveti, tu anayoḥ yathoktayoḥ tattvadarśibhiḥ । taditi sarvanāma, sarvaṁ ca brahma, tasya nāma taditi, tadbhāvaḥ tattvam , brahmaṇo yāthātmyam । tat draṣṭuṁ śīlaṁ yeṣāṁ te tattvadarśinaḥ, taiḥ tattvadarśibhiḥ । tvamapi tattvadarśināṁ dṛṣṭimāśritya śokaṁ mohaṁ ca hitvā śītoṣṇādīni niyatāniyatarūpāṇi dvandvāni ‘vikāro'yamasanneva marīcijalavanmithyāvabhāsate’ iti manasi niścitya titikṣasva ityabhiprāyaḥ ॥ 16 ॥
kiṁ punastat , yat sadeva sarvadā iti ; ucyate —
avināśi tu tadviddhi yena sarvamidaṁ tatam ।
vināśamavyayasyāsya na kaścitkartumarhati ॥ 17 ॥
avināśi na vinaṣṭuṁ śīlaṁ yasyeti । tuśabdaḥ asato viśeṣaṇārthaḥ । tat viddhi vijānīhi । kim ? yena sarvam idaṁ jagat tataṁ vyāptaṁ sadākhyena brahmaṇā sākāśam , ākāśeneva ghaṭādayaḥ । vināśam adarśanam abhāvam । avyayasya na vyeti upacayāpacayau na yāti iti avyayaṁ tasya avyayasya । naitat sadākhyaṁ brahma svena rūpeṇa vyeti vyabhicarati, niravayavatvāt , dehādivat । nāpyātmīyena, ātmīyābhāvāt । yathā devadatto dhanahānyā vyeti, na tu evaṁ brahma vyeti । ataḥ avyayasya asya brahmaṇaḥ vināśaṁ na kaścit kartumarhati, na kaścit ātmānaṁ vināśayituṁ śaknoti īśvaro'pi । ātmā hi brahma, svātmani ca kriyāvirodhāt ॥ 17 ॥
kiṁ punastadasat , yatsvātmasattāṁ vyabhicaratīti, ucyate —
antavanta ime dehā nityasyoktāḥ śarīriṇaḥ ।
anāśino'prameyasya tasmādyudhyasva bhārata ॥ 18 ॥
antaḥ vināśaḥ vidyate yeṣāṁ te antavantaḥ । yathā mṛgatṛṣṇikādau sadbuddhiḥ anuvṛttā pramāṇanirūpaṇānte vicchidyate, sa tasya antaḥ ; tathā ime dehāḥ svapnamāyādehādivacca antavantaḥ nityasya śarīriṇaḥ śarīravataḥ anāśinaḥ aprameyasya ātmanaḥ antavanta iti uktāḥ vivekibhirityarthaḥ । ‘nityasya’ ‘anāśinaḥ’ iti na punaruktam ; nityatvasya dvividhatvāt loke, nāśasya ca । yathā deho bhasmībhūtaḥ adarśanaṁ gato naṣṭa ucyate । vidyamāno'pi yathā anyathā pariṇato vyādhyādiyukto jāto naṣṭa ucyate । tatra ‘nityasya’ ‘anāśinaḥ’ iti dvividhenāpi nāśena asambandhaḥ asyetyarthaḥ । anyathā pṛthivyādivadapi nityatvaṁ syāt ātmanaḥ ; tat mā bhūditi ‘nityasya’ ‘anāśinaḥ’ ityāha । aprameyasya na prameyasya pratyakṣādipramāṇaiḥ aparicchedyasyetyarthaḥ ॥
nanu āgamena ātmā paricchidyate,
pratyakṣādinā ca pūrvam ।
na ;
ātmanaḥ svataḥsiddhatvāt ।
siddhe hi ātmani pramātari pramitsoḥ pramāṇānveṣaṇā bhavati ।
na hi pūrvam ‘
itthamaham’
iti ātmānamapramāya paścāt prameyaparicchedāya pravartate ।
na hi ātmā nāma kasyacit aprasiddho bhavati ।
śāstraṁ tu antyaṁ pramāṇam ataddharmādhyāropaṇamātranivartakatvena pramāṇatvam ātmanaḥ pratipadyate,
na tu ajñātārthajñāpakatvena ।
tathā ca śrutiḥ —
‘yatsākṣādaparokṣādbrahma ya ātmā sarvāntaraḥ’ (bṛ. u. 3 । 5 । 1) iti ॥
yasmādevaṁ nityaḥ avikriyaśca ātmā tasmāt yudhyasva, yuddhāt uparamaṁ mā kārṣīḥ ityarthaḥ ॥
na hi atra yuddhakartavyatā vidhīyate, yuddhe pravṛtta eva hi asau śokamohapratibaddhaḥ tūṣṇīmāste । ataḥ tasya pratibandhāpanayanamātraṁ bhagavatā kriyate । tasmāt ‘yudhyasva’ iti anuvādamātram , na vidhiḥ ॥ 18 ॥
śokamohādisaṁsārakāraṇanivṛttyarthaḥ gītāśāstram , na pravartakam ityetasyārthasya sākṣibhūte ṛcau ānīnāya bhagavān । yattu manyase ‘yuddhe bhīṣmādayo mayā hanyante’ ‘ahameva teṣāṁ hantā’ iti, eṣā buddhiḥ mṛṣaiva te । katham ? —
ya enaṁ vetti hantāraṁ yaścainaṁ manyate hatam ।
ubhau tau na vijānīto nāyaṁ hanti na hanyate ॥ 19 ॥
ya enaṁ prakṛtaṁ dehinaṁ vetti vijānāti hantāraṁ hananakriyāyāḥ kartāraṁ yaśca enam anyo manyate hataṁ dehahananena ‘hataḥ aham’ iti hananakriyāyāḥ karmabhūtam , tau ubhau na vijānītaḥ na jñātavantau avivekena ātmānam । ‘hantā aham’ ‘hataḥ asmi aham’ iti dehahananena ātmānamahaṁ pratyayaviṣayaṁ yau vijānītaḥ tau ātmasvarūpānabhijñau ityarthaḥ । yasmāt na ayam ātmā hanti na hananakriyāyāḥ kartā bhavati, na ca hanyate na ca karma bhavatītyarthaḥ, avikriyatvāt ॥ 19 ॥
kathamavikraya ātmeti dvitīyo mantraḥ —
na jāyate mriyate vā kadācinnāyaṁ bhūtvābhavitā vā na bhūyaḥ ।
ajo nityaḥ śāśvato'yaṁ purāṇo na hanyate hanyamāne śarīre ॥ 20 ॥
na jāyate na utpadyate, janilakṣaṇā vastuvikriyā na ātmano vidyate ityarthaḥ । tathā na mriyate vā । vāśabdaḥ cārthe । na mriyate ca iti antyā vināśalakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate । kadācicchabdaḥ sarvavikriyāpratiṣedhaiḥ sambadhyate — na kadācit jāyate, na kadācit mriyate, ityevam । yasmāt ayam ātmā bhūtvā bhavanakriyāmanubhūya paścāt abhavitā abhāvaṁ gantā na bhūyaḥ punaḥ, tasmāt na mriyate । yohi bhūtvā na bhavitā sa mriyata ityucyate loke । vāśabdāt naśabdācca ayamātmā abhūtvā vā bhavitā dehavat na bhūyaḥ । tasmāt na jāyate । yo hi abhūtvā bhavitā sa jāyata ityucyate । naivamātmā । ato na jāyate । yasmādevaṁ tasmāt ajaḥ, yasmāt na mriyate tasmāt nityaśca । yadyapi ādyantayorvikriyayoḥ pratiṣedhe sarvā vikriyāḥ pratiṣiddhā bhavanti, tathāpi madhyabhāvinīnāṁ vikriyāṇāṁ svaśabdaireva pratiṣedhaḥ kartavyaḥ anuktānāmapi yauvanādisamastavikriyāṇāṁ pratiṣedho yathā syāt ityāha — śāśvata ityādinā । śāśvata iti apakṣayalakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate । śaśvadbhavaḥ śāśvataḥ । na apakṣīyate svarūpeṇa, niravayavatvāt । nāpi guṇakṣayeṇa apakṣayaḥ, nirguṇatvāt । apakṣayaviparītāpi vṛddhilakṣaṇā vikriyā pratiṣidhyate — purāṇa iti । yo hi avayavāgamena upacīyate sa vardhate abhinava iti ca ucyate । ayaṁ tu ātmā niravayavatvāt purāpi nava eveti purāṇaḥ ; na vardhate ityarthaḥ । tathā na hanyate । hanti ; atra vipariṇāmārthe draṣṭavyaḥ apunaruktatāyai । na vipariṇamyate ityarthaḥ । hanyamāne vipariṇamyamāne'pi śarīre । asmin mantre ṣaḍ bhāvavikārā laukikavastuvikriyā ātmani pratiṣidhyante । sarvaprakāravikriyārahita ātmā iti vākyārthaḥ । yasmādevaṁ tasmāt ‘ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ’ iti pūrveṇa mantreṇa asya sambandhaḥ ॥ 20 ॥
vedāvināśinaṁ nityaṁ ya enamajamavyayam ।
kathaṁ sa puruṣaḥ pārtha kaṁ ghātayati hanti kam ॥ 21 ॥
veda vijānāti avināśinam antyabhāvavikārarahitaṁ nityaṁ vipariṇāmarahitaṁ yo veda iti sambandhaḥ । enaṁ pūrveṇa mantreṇoktalakṣaṇam ajaṁ janmarahitam avyayam apakṣayarahitaṁ kathaṁ kena prakāreṇa saḥ vidvān puruṣaḥ adhikṛtaḥ hanti hananakriyāṁ karoti, kathaṁ vā ghātayati hantāraṁ prayojayati । na kathañcit kañcit hanti, na kathañcit kañcit ghātayati iti ubhayatra ākṣepa evārthaḥ, praśnārthāsambhavāt । hetvarthasya ca avikriyatvasya tulyatvāt viduṣaḥ sarvakarmapratiṣedha eva prakaraṇārthaḥ abhipreto bhagavatā । hantestu ākṣepaḥ udāharaṇārthatvena kathitaḥ ॥
viduṣaḥ kaṁ karmāsambhavahetuviśeṣaṁ paśyan karmāṇyākṣipati bhagavān ‘kathaṁ sa puruṣaḥ’ iti । nanu ukta evātmanaḥ avikriyatvaṁ sarvakarmāsambhavakāraṇaviśeṣaḥ । satyamuktaḥ । na tu saḥ kāraṇaviśeṣaḥ, anyatvāt viduṣaḥ avikriyādātmanaḥ । na hi avikriyaṁ sthāṇuṁ viditavataḥ karma na sambhavati iti cet , na ; viduṣaḥ ātmatvāt । na dehādisaṅghātasya vidvattā । ataḥ pāriśeṣyāt asaṁhataḥ ātmā vidvān avikriyaḥ iti tasya viduṣaḥ karmāsambhavāt ākṣepo yuktaḥ ‘kathaṁ sa puruṣaḥ’ iti । yathā buddhyādyāhṛtasya śabdādyarthasya avikriya eva san buddhivṛttyavivekavijñānena avidyayā upalabdhā ātmā kalpyate, evameva ātmānātmavivekajñānena buddhivṛttyā vidyayā asatyarūpayaiva paramārthataḥ avikriya eva ātmā vidvānucyate । viduṣaḥ karmāsambhavavacanāt yāni karmāṇi śāstreṇa vidhīyante tāni aviduṣo vihitāni iti bhagavato niścayo'vagamyate ॥
nanu vidyāpi aviduṣa eva vidhīyate,
viditavidyasya piṣṭapeṣaṇavat vidyāvidhānānarthakyāt ।
tatra aviduṣaḥ karmāṇi vidhīyante na viduṣaḥ iti viśeṣo nopapadyate iti cet ,
na ;
anuṣṭheyasya bhāvābhāvaviśeṣopapatteḥ ।
agnihotrādividhyarthajñānottarakālam agnihotrādikarma anekasādhanopasaṁhārapūrvakamanuṣṭheyam ‘
kartā aham ,
mama kartavyam’
ityevaṁprakāravijñānavataḥ aviduṣaḥ yathā anuṣṭheyaṁ bhavati,
na tu tathā ‘
na jāyate’
ityādyātmasvarūpavidhyarthajñānottarakālabhāvi kiñcidanuṣṭheyaṁ bhavati ;
kiṁ tu ‘
nāhaṁ kartā,
nāhaṁ bhoktā’
ityādyātmaikatvākartṛtvādiviṣayajñānāt nānyadutpadyate iti eṣa viśeṣa upapadyate ।
yaḥ punaḥ ‘
kartā aham’
iti vetti ātmānam ,
tasya ‘
mama idaṁ kartavyam’
iti avaśyaṁbhāvinī buddhiḥ syāt ;
tadapekṣayā saḥ adhikriyate iti taṁ prati karmāṇi sambhavanti ।
sa ca avidvān ,
‘ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ’ (bha. gī. 2 । 19) iti vacanāt ,
viśeṣitasya ca viduṣaḥ karmākṣepavacanācca ‘
kathaṁ sa puruṣaḥ’
iti ।
tasmāt viśeṣitasya avikriyātmadarśinaḥ viduṣaḥ mumukṣośca sarvakarmasaṁnyāse eva adhikāraḥ ।
ata eva bhagavān nārāyaṇaḥ sāṅkhyān viduṣaḥ aviduṣaśca karmiṇaḥ pravibhajya dve niṣṭhe grāhayati —
‘jñānayogena sāṅkhyānāṁ karmayogena yoginām’ (bha. gī. 3 । 3) iti ।
tathā ca putrāya āha bhagavān vyāsaḥ —
‘dvāvimāvatha panthānau’ (śāṁ. 241 । 6) ityādi ।
tathā ca kriyāpathaścaiva purastāt paścātsaṁnyāsaśceti ।
etameva vibhāgaṁ punaḥ punardarśayiṣyati bhagavān —
atattvavit ‘ahaṅkāravimūḍhātmā kartāhamiti manyate’ (bha. gī. 3 । 27),
tattvavittu nāhaṁ karomi iti ।
tathā ca ‘sarvakarmāṇi manasā saṁnyasyāste’ (bha. gī. 5 । 13) ityādi ॥
tatra kecitpaṇḍitaṁmanyā vadanti — ‘
janmādiṣaḍbhāvavikriyārahitaḥ avikriyaḥ akartā ekaḥ ahamātmā’
iti na kasyacit jñānam utpadyate,
yasmin sati sarvakarmasaṁnyāsaḥ upadiśyate iti ।
tanna ;
‘na jāyate’ (bha. gī. 2 । 20) ityādiśāstropadeśānarthakyaprasaṅgāt ।
yathā ca śāstropadeśasāmarthyāt dharmādharmāstitvavijñānaṁ kartuśca dehāntarasambandhavijñānamutpadyate,
tathā śāstrāt tasyaiva ātmanaḥ avikriyatvākartṛtvaikatvādivijñānaṁ kasmāt notpadyate iti praṣṭavyāḥ te ।
karaṇāgocaratvāt iti cet ,
na ;
‘manasaivānudraṣṭavyam’ (bṛ. u. 4 । 4 । 19) iti śruteḥ ।
śāstrācāryopadeśaśamadamādisaṁskṛtaṁ manaḥ ātmadarśane karaṇam ।
tathā ca tadadhigamāya anumāne āgame ca sati jñānaṁ notpadyata iti sāhasamātrametat ।
jñānaṁ ca utpadyamānaṁ tadviparītamajñānam avaśyaṁ bādhate ityabhyupagantavyam ।
tacca ajñānaṁ darśitam ‘
hantā aham ,
hataḥ asmi’
iti ‘
ubhau tau na vijānītaḥ’
iti ।
atra ca ātmanaḥ hananakriyāyāḥ kartṛtvaṁ karmatvaṁ hetukartṛtvaṁ ca ajñānakṛtaṁ darśitam ।
tacca sarvakriyāsvapi samānaṁ kartṛtvādeḥ avidyākṛtatvam ,
avikriyatvāt ātmanaḥ ।
vikriyāvān hi kartā ātmanaḥ karmabhūtamanyaṁ prayojayati ‘
kuru’
iti ।
tadetat aviśeṣeṇa viduṣaḥ sarvakriyāsu kartṛtvaṁ hetukartṛtvaṁ ca pratiṣedhati bhagavānvāsudevaḥ viduṣaḥ karmādhikārābhāvapradarśanārtham ‘
vedāvināśinaṁ . . .
kathaṁ sa puruṣaḥ’
ityādinā ।
kva punaḥ viduṣaḥ adhikāra iti etaduktaṁ pūrvameva ‘jñānayogena sāṅkhyānām’ (bha. gī. 3 । 3) iti ।
tathā ca sarvakarmasaṁnyāsaṁ vakṣyati ‘sarvakarmāṇi manasā’ (bha. gī. 5 । 13) ityādinā ॥
nanu manasā iti vacanāt na vācikānāṁ kāyikānāṁ ca saṁnyāsaḥ iti cet ,
na ;
sarvakarmāṇi iti viśeṣitatvāt ।
mānasānāmeva sarvakarmaṇāmiti cet ,
na ;
manovyāpārapūrvakatvādvākkāyavyāpārāṇāṁ manovyāpārābhāve tadanupapatteḥ ।
śāstrīyāṇāṁ vākkāyakarmaṇāṁ kāraṇāni mānasāni karmāṇi varjayitvā anyāni sarvakarmāṇi manasā saṁnyasyediti cet ,
na ;
‘naiva kurvanna kārayan’ (bha. gī. 5 । 13) iti viśeṣaṇāt ।
sarvakarmasaṁnyāsaḥ ayaṁ bhagavatā uktaḥ mariṣyataḥ na jīvataḥ iti cet ,
na ;
‘navadvāre pure dehī āste’ (bha. gī. 5 । 13) iti viśeṣaṇānupapatteḥ ।
na hi sarvakarmasaṁnyāsena mṛtasya taddehe āsanaṁ sambhavati ।
akurvataḥ akārayataśca dehe saṁnyasya iti sambandhaḥ na dehe āste iti cet ,
na ;
sarvatra ātmanaḥ avikriyatvāvadhāraṇāt ,
āsanakriyāyāśca adhikaraṇāpekṣatvāt ,
tadanapekṣatvācca saṁnyāsasya ।
sampūrvastu nyāsaśabdaḥ atra tyāgārthaḥ,
na nikṣepārthaḥ ।
tasmāt gītāśāstre ātmajñānavataḥ saṁnyāse eva adhikāraḥ,
na karmaṇi iti tatra tatra upariṣṭāt ātmajñānaprakaraṇe darśayiṣyāmaḥ ॥ 21 ॥
prakṛtaṁ tu vakṣyāmaḥ । tatra ātmanaḥ avināśitvaṁ pratijñātam । tat kimiveti, ucyate —
vāsāṁsi jīrṇāni yathā vihāya navāni gṛhṇāti naro'parāṇi ।
tathā śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇānyanyāni saṁyāti navāni dehī ॥ 22 ॥
vāsāṁsi vastrāṇi jīrṇāni durbalatāṁ gatāni yathā loke vihāya parityajya navāni abhinavāni gṛhṇāti upādatte naraḥ puruṣaḥ aparāṇi anyāni, tathā tadvadeva śarīrāṇi vihāya jīrṇāni anyāni saṁyāti saṅgacchati navāni dehī ātmā puruṣavat avikriya evetyarthaḥ ॥ 22 ॥
kasmāt avikriya eveti, āha —
nainaṁ chindanti śastrāṇi nainaṁ dahati pāvakaḥ ।
na cainaṁ kledayantyāpo na śoṣayati mārutaḥ ॥ 23 ॥
enaṁ prakṛtaṁ dehinaṁ na cchindanti śastrāṇi, niravayavatvāt na avayavavibhāgaṁ kurvanti । śastrāṇi asyādīni । tathā na enaṁ dahati pāvakaḥ, agnirapi na bhasmīkaroti । tathā na ca enaṁ kledayanti āpaḥ । apāṁ hi sāvayavasya vastunaḥ ārdrībhāvakaraṇena avayavaviśleṣāpādane sāmarthyam । tat na niravayave ātmani sambhavati । tathā snehavat dravyaṁ snehaśoṣaṇena nāśayati vāyuḥ । enaṁ tu ātmānaṁ na śoṣayati māruto'pi ॥ 23 ॥
yataḥ evaṁ tasmāt —
acchedyo'yamadāhyo'yamakledyo'śoṣya eva ca ।
nityaḥ sarvagataḥ sthāṇuracalo'yaṁ sanātanaḥ ॥ 24 ॥
yasmāt anyonyanāśahetubhūtāni enamātmānaṁ nāśayituṁ notsahante asyādīni tasmāt nityaḥ । nityatvāt sarvagataḥ । sarvagatatvāt sthāṇuḥ iva, sthira ityetat । sthiratvāt acalaḥ ayam ātmā । ataḥ sanātanaḥ cirantanaḥ, na kāraṇātkutaścit niṣpannaḥ, abhinava ityarthaḥ ॥
naiteṣāṁ ślokānāṁ paunaruktyaṁ codanīyam ,
yataḥ ekenaiva ślokena ātmanaḥ nityatvamavikriyatvaṁ coktam ‘na jāyate mriyate vā’ (bha. gī. 2 । 20) ityādinā ।
tatra yadeva ātmaviṣayaṁ kiñciducyate,
tat etasmāt ślokārthāt na atiricyate ;
kiñcicchabdataḥ punaruktam ,
kiñcidarthataḥ iti ।
durbodhatvāt ātmavastunaḥ punaḥ punaḥ prasaṅgamāpādya śabdāntareṇa tadeva vastu nirūpayati bhagavān vāsudevaḥ kathaṁ nu nāma saṁsāriṇāmasaṁsāritvabuddhigocaratāmāpannaṁ sat avyaktaṁ tattvaṁ saṁsāranivṛttaye syāt iti ॥ 24 ॥
kiṁ ca —
avyakto'yamacintyo'yamavikāryo'yamucyate ।
tasmādevaṁ viditvainaṁ nānuśocitumarhasi ॥ 25 ॥
sarvakaraṇāviṣayatvāt na vyajyata iti avyaktaḥ ayam ātmā । ata eva acintyaḥ ayam । yaddhi indriyagocaraḥ tat cintāviṣayatvamāpadyate । ayaṁ tvātmā anindriyagocaratvāt acintyaḥ । ata eva avikāryaḥ, yathā kṣīraṁ dadhyātañcanādinā vikāri na tathā ayamātmā । niravayavatvācca avikriyaḥ । na hi niravayavaṁ kiñcit vikriyātmakaṁ dṛṣṭam । avikriyatvāt avikāryaḥ ayam ātmā ucyate । tasmāt evaṁ yathoktaprakāreṇa enam ātmānaṁ viditvā
tvaṁ na anuśocitumarhasi hantāhameṣām , mayaite hanyanta iti ॥ 25 ॥
ātmanaḥ anityatvamabhyupagamya idamucyate —
atha cainaṁ nityajātaṁ nityaṁ vā manyase mṛtam ।
tathāpi tvaṁ mahābāho naivaṁ śocitumarhasi ॥ 26 ॥
atha ca iti abhyupagamārthaḥ । enaṁ prakṛtamātmānaṁ nityajātaṁ lokaprasiddhyā pratyanekaśarīrotpatti jāto jāta iti manyase tathā pratitattadvināśaṁ nityaṁ vā manyase mṛtaṁ mṛto mṛta iti ; tathāpi tathābhāve'pi ātmani tvaṁ mahābāho, na evaṁ śocitumarhasi, janmavato janma nāśavato nāśaścetyetāvavaśyambhāvināviti ॥ 26 ॥
tathā ca sati —
jātasya hi dhruvo mṛtyurdhruvaṁ janma mṛtasya ca ।
tasmādaparihārye'rthe na tvaṁ śocitumarhasi ॥ 27 ॥
jātasya hi labdhajanmanaḥ dhruvaḥ avyabhicārī mṛtyuḥ maraṇaṁ dhruvaṁ janma mṛtasya ca । tasmādaparihāryo'yaṁ janmamaraṇalakṣaṇo'rthaḥ । tasminnaparihārye'rthe na tvaṁ śocitumarhasi ॥ 27 ॥
kāryakaraṇasaṅghātātmakānyapi bhūtānyuddiśya śoko na yuktaḥ kartum , yataḥ —
avyaktādīni bhūtāni vyaktamadhyāni bhārata ।
avyaktanidhanānyeva tatra kā paridevanā ॥ 28 ॥
avyaktādīni avyaktam adarśanam anupalabdhiḥ ādiḥ yeṣāṁ bhūtānāṁ putramitrādikāryakaraṇasaṅghātātmakānāṁ tāni avyaktādīni bhūtāni prāgutpatteḥ, utpannāni ca prāṅmaraṇāt vyaktamadhyāni । avyaktanidhanānyeva punaḥ avyaktam adarśanaṁ nidhanaṁ maraṇaṁ yeṣāṁ tāni avyaktanidhanāni । maraṇādūrdhvamapyavyaktatāmeva pratipadyante ityarthaḥ । tathā coktam — ‘adarśanādāpatitaḥ punaścādarśanaṁ gataḥ । nāsau tava na tasya tvaṁ vṛthā kā paridevanā’ (mo. dha. 174 । 17) iti । tatra kā paridevanā ko vā pralāpaḥ adṛṣṭadṛṣṭapranaṣṭabhrāntibhūteṣu bhūteṣvityarthaḥ ॥ 28 ॥
durvijñeyo'yaṁ prakṛta ātmā ; kiṁ tvāmevaikamupālabhe sādhāraṇe bhrāntinimitte । kathaṁ durvijñeyo'yamātmā ityata āha —
āścaryavatpaśyati kaścidenamāścaryavadvadati tathaiva cānyaḥ ।
āścaryavaccainamanyaḥ śṛṇoti śrutvāpyenaṁ veda na caiva kaścit ॥ 29 ॥
āścaryavat āścaryam adṛṣṭapūrvam adbhutam akasmāddṛśyamānaṁ tena tulyaṁ āścaryavat āścaryamiti enam ātmānaṁ paśyati kaścit । āścaryavat enaṁ vadati tathaiva ca anyaḥ । āścaryavacca enamanyaḥ śṛṇoti । śrutvā dṛṣṭvā uktvāpi enamātmānaṁ veda na caiva kaścit । athavā yo'yamātmānaṁ paśyati sa āścaryatulyaḥ, yo vadati yaśca śṛṇoti saḥ anekasahasreṣu kaścideva bhavati । ato durbodha ātmā ityabhiprāyaḥ ॥ 29 ॥
athedānīṁ prakaraṇārthamupasaṁharanbrūte —
dehī nityamavadhyo'yaṁ dehe sarvasya bhārata ।
tasmātsarvāṇi bhūtāni na tvaṁ śocitumarhasi ॥ 30 ॥
dehī śarīrī nityaṁ sarvadā sarvāvasthāsu avadhyaḥ niravayavatvānnityatvācca tatra avadhyo'yaṁ dehe śarīre sarvasya sarvagatatvātsthāvarādiṣu sthito'pi sarvasya prāṇijātasya dehe vadhyamāne'pi ayaṁ dehī na vadhyaḥ yasmāt , tasmāt bhīṣmādīni sarvāṇi bhūtāni uddiśya na tvaṁ śocitumarhasi ॥ 30 ॥
iha paramārthatattvāpekṣāyāṁ śoko moho vā na sambhavatītyuktam । na kevalaṁ paramārthatattvāpekṣāyāmeva । kiṁ tu —
svadharmamapi cāvekṣya na vikampitumarhasi ।
dharmyāddhi yuddhācchreyo'nyatkṣattriyasya na vidyate ॥ 31 ॥
svadharmamapi svo dharmaḥ kṣatriyasya yuddhaṁ tamapi avekṣya tvaṁ na vikampituṁ pracalitum nārhasi kṣatriyasya svābhāvikāddharmāt ātmasvābhāvyādityabhiprāyaḥ । tacca yuddhaṁ pṛthivījayadvāreṇa dharmārthaṁ prajārakṣaṇārthaṁ ceti dharmādanapetaṁ paraṁ dharmyam । tasmāt dharmyāt yuddhāt śreyaḥ anyat kṣatriyasya na vidyate hi yasmāt ॥ 31 ॥
kutaśca tat yuddhaṁ kartavyamiti, ucyate —
yadṛcchayā copapannaṁ svargadvāramapāvṛtam ।
sukhinaḥ kṣatriyāḥ pārtha labhante yuddhamīdṛśam ॥ 32 ॥
yadṛcchayā ca aprārthitatayā upapannam āgataṁ svargadvāram apāvṛtam uddhāṭitaṁ ye etat īdṛśaṁ yuddhaṁ labhante kṣatriyāḥ he pārtha, kiṁ na sukhinaḥ te ? ॥ 32 ॥
evaṁ kartavyatāprāptamapi —
atha cettvamimaṁ dharmyaṁ saṅgrāmaṁ na kariṣyasi ।
tataḥ svadharmaṁ kīrtiṁ ca hitvā pāpamavāpsyasi ॥ 33 ॥
atha cet tvam imaṁ dharmyaṁ dharmādanapetaṁ vihitaṁ saṅgrāmaṁ yuddhaṁ na kariṣyasi cet , tataḥ tadakaraṇāt svadharmaṁ kīrtiṁ ca mahādevādisamāgamanimittāṁ hitvā kevalaṁ pāpam avāpsyasi ॥ 33 ॥
na kevalaṁ svadharmakīrtiparityāgaḥ —
akīrtiṁ cāpi bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te'vyayām ।
sambhāvitasya cākīrtirmaraṇādatiricyate ॥ 34 ॥
akīrtiṁ cāpi yuddhe bhūtāni kathayiṣyanti te tava avyayāṁ dīrghakālām । dharmātmā śūra ityevamādibhiḥ guṇaiḥ sambhāvitasya ca akīrtiḥ maraṇāt atiricyate, sambhāvitasya ca
akīrteḥ varaṁ maraṇamityarthaḥ ॥ 34 ॥
kiñca —
bhayādraṇāduparataṁ maṁsyante tvāṁ mahārathāḥ ।
yeṣāṁ ca tvaṁ bahumato bhūtvā yāsyasi lāghavam ॥ 35 ॥
bhayāt karṇādibhyaḥ raṇāt yuddhāt uparataṁ nivṛttaṁ maṁsyante cintayiṣyanti na kṛpayeti tvāṁ mahārathāḥ duryodhanaprabhṛtayaḥ । yeṣāṁ ca tvaṁ duryodhanādīnāṁ bahumato bahubhiḥ guṇaiḥ yuktaḥ ityevaṁ mataḥ bahumataḥ bhūtvā punaḥ yāsyasi lāghavaṁ laghubhāvam ॥ 35 ॥
kiñca—
avācyavādāṁśca bahūnvadiṣyanti tavāhitāḥ ।
nindantastava sāmarthyaṁ tato duḥkhataraṁ nu kim ॥ 36 ॥
avācyavādān avaktavyavādāṁśca bahūn anekaprakārān vadiṣyanti tava ahitāḥ śatravaḥ nindantaḥ kutsayantaḥ tava tvadīyaṁ sāmarthyaṁ nivātakavacādiyuddhanimittam । tataḥ tasmāt nindāprāpterduḥkhāt duḥkhataraṁ nu kim , tataḥ kaṣṭataraṁ duḥkhaṁ nāstītyarthaḥ ॥ 36 ॥
yuddhe punaḥ kriyamāṇe karṇādibhiḥ —
hato vā prāpsyasi svargaṁ jitvā vā bhokṣyase mahīm ।
tasmāduttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛtaniścayaḥ ॥ 37 ॥
hato vā prāpsyasi svargam , hataḥ san svargaṁ prāpsyasi । jitvā vā karṇādīn śūrān bhokṣyase mahīm । ubhayathāpi tava lābha evetyabhiprāyaḥ । yata evaṁ tasmāt uttiṣṭha kaunteya yuddhāya kṛtaniścayaḥ ‘jeṣyāmi śatrūn , mariṣyāmi vā’ iti niścayaṁ kṛtvetyarthaḥ ॥ 37 ॥
tatra yuddhaṁ svadharmaṁ ityevaṁ yudhyamānasyopadeśamimaṁ śṛṇu —
sukhaduḥkhe same kṛtvā lābhālābhau jayājayau ।
tato yuddhāya yujyasva naivaṁ pāpamavāpsyasi ॥ 38 ॥
sukhaduḥkhe same tulye kṛtvā, rāgadveṣāvapyakṛtvetyetat । tathā lābhālābhau jayājayau ca samau kṛtvā tato yuddhāya yujyasva ghaṭasva । na evaṁ yuddhaṁ kurvan pāpam avāpsyasi । ityeṣa upadeśaḥ prāsaṅgikaḥ ॥ 38 ॥
eṣā te'bhihitā sāṅkhye buddhiryoge tvimāṁ śṛṇu ।
buddhyā yukto yayā pārtha karmabandhaṁ prahāsyasi ॥ 39 ॥
eṣā te tubhyam abhihitā uktā sāṅkhye paramārthavastuvivekaviṣaye buddhiḥ jñānaṁ sākṣāt śokamohādisaṁsārahetudoṣanivṛttikāraṇam । yoge tu tatprāptyupāye niḥsaṅgatayā dvandvaprahāṇapūrvakam īśvarārādhanārthe karmayoge karmānuṣṭhāne samādhiyoge ca imām anantaramevocyamānāṁ buddhiṁ śṛṇu । tāṁ ca buddhiṁ stauti prarocanārtham — buddhyā yayā yogaviṣayayā yuktaḥ he pārtha, karmabandhaṁ karmaiva dharmādharmākhyo bandhaḥ karmabandhaḥ taṁ prahāsyasi īśvaraprasādanimittajñānaprāptyaiva ityabhiprāyaḥ ॥ 39 ॥
kiñca anyat —
nehābhikramanāśo'sti pratyavāyo na vidyate ।
svalpamapyasya dharmasya trāyate mahato bhayāt ॥ 40 ॥
na iha mokṣamārge karmayoge abhikramanāśaḥ abhikramaṇamabhikramaḥ prārambhaḥ tasya nāśaḥ nāsti yathā kṛṣyādeḥ । yogaviṣaye prārambhasya na anaikāntikaphalatvamityarthaḥ । kiñca — nāpi cikitsāvat pratyavāyaḥ vidyate bhavati । kiṁ tu svalpamapi asya dharmasya yogadharmasya anuṣṭhitaṁ trāyate rakṣati mahataḥ bhayāt saṁsārabhayāt janmamaraṇādilakṣaṇāt ॥ 40 ॥
yeyaṁ sāṅkhye buddhiruktā yoge ca, vakṣyamāṇalakṣaṇā sā —
vyavasāyātmikā buddhirekeha kurunandana ।
bahuśākhā hyanantāśca buddhayo'vyavasāyinām ॥ 41 ॥
vyavasāyātmikā niścayasvabhāvā ekā eva buddhiḥ itaraviparītabuddhiśākhābhedasya bādhikā, samyakpramāṇajanitatvāt , iha śreyomārge he kurunandana । yāḥ punaḥ itarā viparītabuddhayaḥ, yāsāṁ śākhābhedapracāravaśāt anantaḥ apāraḥ anuparataḥ saṁsāro nityapratato vistīrṇo bhavati, pramāṇajanitavivekabuddhinimittavaśācca uparatāsvanantabhedabuddhiṣu saṁsāro'pyuparamate tā buddhayaḥ bahuśākhāḥ bahvayaḥ śākhāḥ yāsāṁ tāḥ bahuśākhāḥ, bahubhedā ityetat । pratiśākhābhedena hi anantāśca buddhayaḥ । keṣām ? avyavasāyināṁ pramāṇajanitavivekabuddhirahitānāmityarthaḥ ॥ 41 ॥
yeṣāṁ vyavasāyātmikā buddhirnāsti te —
yāmimāṁ puṣpitāṁ vācaṁ pravadantyavipaścitaḥ ।
vedavādaratāḥ pārtha nānyadastīti vādinaḥ ॥ 42 ॥
yām imāṁ vakṣyamāṇāṁ puṣpitāṁ puṣpita iva vṛkṣaḥ śobhamānāṁ śrūyamāṇaramaṇīyāṁ vācaṁ vākyalakṣaṇāṁ pravadanti । ke ? avipaścitaḥ amedhasaḥ avivekina ityarthaḥ । vedavādaratāḥ bahvarthavādaphalasādhanaprakāśakeṣu vedavākyeṣu ratāḥ he pārtha, na anyat svargapaśvādiphalasādhanebhyaḥ karmabhyaḥ asti iti evaṁ vādinaḥ vadanaśīlāḥ ॥ 42 ॥
te ca —
kāmātmānaḥ svargaparā janmakarmaphalapradām ।
kriyāviśeṣabahulāṁ bhogaiśvaryagatiṁ prati ॥ 43 ॥
kāmātmānaḥ kāmasvabhāvāḥ, kāmaparā ityarthaḥ । svargaparāḥ svargaḥ paraḥ puruṣārthaḥ yeṣāṁ te svargaparāḥ svargapradhānāḥ । janmakarmaphalapradāṁ karmaṇaḥ phalaṁ karmaphalaṁ janmaiva karmaphalaṁ janmakarmaphalaṁ tat pradadātīti janmakarmaphalapradā, tāṁ vācam । pravadanti ityanuṣajyate । kriyāviśeṣabahulāṁ kriyāṇāṁ viśeṣāḥ kriyāviśeṣāḥ te bahulā yasyāṁ vāci tāṁ svargapaśuputrādyarthāḥ yayā vācā bāhulyena prakāśyante । bhogaiśvaryagatiṁ prati bhogaśca aiśvaryaṁ ca bhogaiśvarye, tayorgatiḥ prāptiḥ bhogaiśvaryagatiḥ, tāṁ prati sādhanabhūtāḥ ye kriyāviśeṣāḥ tadbahulāṁ tāṁ vācaṁ pravadantaḥ mūḍhāḥ saṁsāre parivartante ityabhiprāyaḥ ॥ 43 ॥
teṣāṁ ca —
bhogaiśvaryaprasaktānāṁ tayāpahṛtacetasām ।
vyavasāyātmikā buddhiḥ samādhau na vidhīyate ॥ 44 ॥
bhogaiśvaryaprasaktānāṁ bhogaḥ kartavyaḥ aiśvaryaṁ ca iti bhogaiśvaryayoreva praṇayavatāṁ tadātmabhūtānām । tayā kriyāviśeṣabahulayā vācā apahṛtacetasām ācchāditavivekaprajñānāṁ vyavasāyātmikā sāṅkhye yoge vā buddhiḥ samādhau samādhīyate asmin puruṣopabhogāya sarvamiti samādhiḥ antaḥkaraṇaṁ buddhiḥ tasmin samādhau, na vidhīyate na bhavati ityarthaḥ ॥ 44 ॥
ye evaṁ vivekabuddhirahitāḥ teṣāṁ kāmātmanāṁ yat phalaṁ tadāha —
traiguṇyaviṣayā vedā nistraiguṇyo bhavārjuna ।
nirdvandvo nityasattvastho niryogakṣema ātmavān ॥ 45 ॥
traiguṇyaviṣayāḥ traiguṇyaṁ saṁsāro viṣayaḥ prakāśayitavyaḥ yeṣāṁ te vedāḥ traiguṇyaviṣayāḥ । tvaṁ tu nistraiguṇyo bhava arjuna, niṣkāmo bhava ityarthaḥ । nirdvandvaḥ sukhaduḥkhahetū sapratipakṣau padārthau dvandvaśabdavācyau, tataḥ nirgataḥ nirdvandvo bhava । nityasattvasthaḥ sadā sattvaguṇāśrito bhava । tathā niryogakṣemaḥ anupāttasya upādānaṁ yogaḥ, upāttasya rakṣaṇaṁ kṣemaḥ, yogakṣemapradhānasya śreyasi pravṛttirduṣkarā ityataḥ niryogakṣemo bhava । ātmavān apramattaśca bhava । eṣa tava upadeśaḥ svadharmamanutiṣṭhataḥ ॥ 45 ॥
sarveṣu vedokteṣu karmasu yānyuktānyanantāni phalāni tāni nāpekṣyante cet , kimarthaṁ tāni īśvarāyetyanuṣṭhīyante ityucyate ; śṛṇu —
yāvānartha udapāne sarvataḥsamplutodake ।
tāvān sarveṣu vedeṣu brāhmaṇasya vijānataḥ ॥ 46 ॥
tava ca —
karmaṇyevādhikāraste mā phaleṣu kadācana ।
mā karmaphalaheturbhūrmā te saṅgo'stvakarmaṇi ॥ 47 ॥
karmaṇyeva adhikāraḥ na jñānaniṣṭhāyāṁ te tava । tatra ca karma kurvataḥ mā phaleṣu adhikāraḥ astu, karmaphalatṛṣṇā mā bhūt kadācana kasyāñcidapyavasthāyāmityarthaḥ । yadā karmaphale tṛṣṇā te syāt tadā karmaphalaprāpteḥ hetuḥ syāḥ, evaṁ mā karmaphalahetuḥ bhūḥ । yadā hi karmaphalatṛṣṇāprayuktaḥ karmaṇi pravartate tadā karmaphalasyaiva janmano heturbhavet । yadi karmaphalaṁ neṣyate, kiṁ karmaṇā duḥkharūpeṇa ? iti mā te tava saṅgaḥ astu akarmaṇi akaraṇe prītirmā bhūt ॥ 47 ॥
yadi karmaphalaprayuktena na kartavyaṁ karma, kathaṁ tarhi kartavyamiti ; ucyate —
yogasthaḥ kuru karmāṇi saṅgaṁ tyaktvā dhanañjaya ।
siddhyasiddhyoḥ samo bhūtvā samatvaṁ yoga ucyate ॥ 48 ॥
yogasthaḥ san kuru karmāṇi kevalamīśvarārtham ; tatrāpi ‘īśvaro me tuṣyatu’ iti saṅgaṁ tyaktvā dhanañjaya । phalatṛṣṇāśūnyena kriyamāṇe karmaṇi sattvaśuddhijā jñānaprāptilakṣaṇā siddhiḥ, tadviparyayajā asiddhiḥ, tayoḥ siddhyasiddhyoḥ api samaḥ tulyaḥ bhūtvā kuru karmāṇi । ko'sau yogaḥ yatrasthaḥ kuru iti uktam ? idameva tat — siddhyasiddhyoḥ samatvaṁ yogaḥ ucyate ॥ 48 ॥
yatpunaḥ samatvabuddhiyuktamīśvarārādhanārthaṁ karmoktam , etasmātkarmaṇaḥ —
dūreṇa hyavaraṁ karma buddhiyogāddhanañjaya ।
buddhau śaraṇamanviccha kṛpaṇāḥ phalahetavaḥ ॥ 49 ॥
dūreṇa ativiprakarṣeṇa atyantameva hi avaram adhamaṁ nikṛṣṭaṁ karma phalārthinā kriyamāṇaṁ buddhiyogāt samatvabuddhiyuktāt karmaṇaḥ,
janmamaraṇādihetutvāt ।
he dhanañjaya,
yata evaṁ tataḥ yogaviṣayāyāṁ buddhau tatparipākajāyāṁ vā sāṅkhyabuddhau śaraṇam āśrayamabhayaprāptikāraṇam anviccha prārthayasva,
paramārthajñānaśaraṇo bhavetyarthaḥ ।
yataḥ avaraṁ karma kurvāṇāḥ kṛpaṇāḥ dīnāḥ phalahetavaḥ phalatṛṣṇāprayuktāḥ santaḥ,
‘yo vā etadakṣaraṁ gārgyaviditvāsmāllokātpraiti sa kṛpaṇaḥ’ (bṛ. u. 3 । 8 । 10) iti śruteḥ ॥ 49 ॥
samatvabuddhiyuktaḥ san svadharmamanutiṣṭhan yatphalaṁ prāpnoti tacchṛṇu —
buddhiyukto jahātīha ubhe sukṛtaduṣkṛte ।
tasmādyogāya yujyasva yogaḥ karmasu kauśalam ॥ 50 ॥
buddhiyuktaḥ karmasamatvaviṣayayā buddhyā yuktaḥ buddhiyuktaḥ saḥ jahāti parityajati iha asmin loke ubhe sukṛtaduṣkṛte puṇyapāpe sattvaśuddhijñānaprāptidvāreṇa yataḥ, tasmāt samatvabuddhiyogāya yujyasva ghaṭasva । yogo hi karmasu kauśalam , svadharmākhyeṣu karmasu vartamānasya yā siddhyāsiddhyoḥ samatvabuddhiḥ īśvarārpitacetastayā tat kauśalaṁ kuśalabhāvaḥ । taddhi kauśalaṁ yat bandhanasvabhāvānyapi karmāṇi samatvabuddhyā svabhāvāt nivartante । tasmātsamatvabuddhiyukto bhava tvam ॥ 50 ॥
yasmāt —
karmajaṁ buddhiyuktā hi phalaṁ tyaktvā manīṣiṇaḥ ।
janmabandhavinirmuktāḥ padaṁ gacchantyanāmayam ॥ 51 ॥
karmajaṁ phalaṁ tyaktvā iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ ।
iṣṭāniṣṭadehaprāptiḥ karmajaṁ phalaṁ karmabhyo jātaṁ buddhiyuktāḥ samatvabuddhiyuktāḥ santaḥ hi yasmāt phalaṁ tyaktvā parityajya manīṣiṇaḥ jñānino bhūtvā,
janmabandhavinirmuktāḥ janmaiva bandhaḥ janmabandhaḥ tena vinirmuktāḥ jīvanta eva janmabandhāt vinirmuktāḥ santaḥ,
padaṁ paramaṁ viṣṇoḥ mokṣākhyaṁ gacchanti anāmayaṁ sarvopadravarahitamityarthaḥ ।
athavā ‘buddhiyogāddhanañjaya’ (bha. gī. 2 । 49) ityārabhya paramārthadarśanalakṣaṇaiva sarvataḥsamplutodakasthānīyā karmayogajasattvaśuddhijanitā buddhirdarśitā,
sākṣātsukṛtaduṣkṛtaprahāṇādihetutvaśravaṇāt ॥ 51 ॥
yogānuṣṭhānajanitasattvaśuddhijā buddhiḥ kadā prāpsyate ityucyate —
yadā te mohakalilaṁ buddhirvyatitariṣyati ।
tadā gantāsi nirvedaṁ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca ॥ 52 ॥
yadā yasminkāle te tava mohakalilaṁ mohātmakamavivekarūpaṁ kāluṣyaṁ yena ātmānātmavivekabodhaṁ kaluṣīkṛtya viṣayaṁ pratyantaḥkaraṇaṁ pravartate, tat tava buddhiḥ vyatitariṣyati vyatikramiṣyati, atiśuddhabhāvamāpatsyate ityarthaḥ । tadā tasmin kāle gantāsi prāpsyasi nirvedaṁ vairāgyaṁ śrotavyasya śrutasya ca, tadā śrotavyaṁ śrutaṁ ca te niṣphalaṁ pratibhātītyabhiprāyaḥ ॥ 52 ॥
mohakalilātyayadvāreṇa labdhātmavivekajaprajñaḥ kadā karmayogajaṁ phalaṁ paramārthayogamavāpsyāmīti cet , tat śṛṇu —
śrutivipratipannā te yadā sthāsyati niścalā ।
samādhāvacalā buddhistadā yogamavāpsyasi ॥ 53 ॥
śrutivipratipannā anekasādhyasādhanasambandhaprakāśanaśrutibhiḥ śravaṇaiḥ pravṛttinivṛttilakṣaṇaiḥ vipratipannā nānāpratipannā vikṣiptā satī te tava buddhiḥ yadi yasmin kāle sthāsyati sthirībhūtā bhaviṣyati niścalā vikṣepacalanavarjitā satī samādhau, samādhīyate cittamasminniti samādhiḥ ātmā, tasmin ātmani ityetat । acalā tatrāpi vikalpavarjitā ityetat । buddhiḥ antaḥkaraṇam । tadā tasminkāle yogam avāpsyasi vivekaprajñāṁ samādhiṁ prāpsyasi ॥ 53 ॥
praśnabījaṁ pratilabhya arjuna uvāca labdhasamādhiprajñasya lakṣaṇabubhutsayā —
arjuna uvāca —
sthitaprajñasya kā bhāṣā samādhisthasya keśava ।
sthitadhīḥ kiṁ pṛbhāṣeta kimāsīta vrajeta kim ॥ 54 ॥
sthitā pratiṣṭhitā ‘ahamasmi paraṁ brahma’ iti prajñā yasya saḥ sthitaprajñaḥ tasya sthitaprajñasya kā bhāṣā kiṁ bhāṣaṇaṁ vacanaṁ kathamasau parairbhāṣyate samādhisthasya samādhau sthitasya he keśava । sthitadhīḥ sthitaprajñaḥ svayaṁ vā kiṁ prabhāṣeta । kim āsīta vrajeta kim āsanaṁ vrajanaṁ vā tasya kathamityarthaḥ । sthitaprajñasya lakṣaṇamanena ślokena pṛcchyate ॥ 54 ॥
yo hyādita eva saṁnyasya karmāṇi jñānayoganiṣṭhāyāṁ pravṛttaḥ, yaśca karmayogena, tayoḥ ‘prajahāti’ ityārabhya ā adhyāyaparisamāpteḥ sthitaprajñalakṣaṇaṁ sādhanaṁ copadiśyate । sarvatraiva hi adhyātmaśāstre kṛtārthalakṣaṇāni yāni tānyeva sādhanāni upadiśyante, yatnasādhyatvāt । yāni yatnasādhyāni sādhanāni lakṣaṇāni ca bhavanti tāni śrībhagavānuvāca —
śrībhagavānuvāca —
prajahāti yadā kāmānsarvānpārtha manogatān ।
ātmanyevātmanā tuṣṭaḥ sthitaprajñastadocyate ॥ 55 ॥
prajahāti prakarṣeṇa jahāti parityajati yadā yasminkāle sarvān samastān kāmān icchābhedān he pārtha, manogatān manasi praviṣṭān hṛdi praviṣṭān । sarvakāmaparityāge tuṣṭikāraṇābhāvāt śarīradhāraṇanimittaśeṣe ca sati unmattapramattasyeva pravṛttiḥ prāptā, ityata ucyate — ātmanyeva pratyagātmasvarūpe eva ātmanā svenaiva bāhyalābhanirapekṣaḥ tuṣṭaḥ paramārthadarśanāmṛtarasalābhena anyasmādalaṁpratyayavān sthitaprajñaḥ sthitā pratiṣṭhitā ātmānātmavivekajā prajñā yasya saḥ sthitaprajñaḥ vidvān tadā ucyate । tyaktaputravittalokaiṣaṇaḥ saṁnyāsī ātmārāma ātmakrīḍaḥ sthitaprajña ityarthaḥ ॥ 55 ॥
kiñca —
duḥkheṣvanudvignamanāḥ sukheṣu vigataspṛhaḥ ।
vītarāgabhayakrodhaḥ sthitadhīrmunirucyate ॥ 56 ॥
duḥkheṣu ādhyātmikādiṣu prāpteṣu na udvignaṁ na prakṣubhitaṁ duḥkhaprāptau mano yasya so'yam anudvignamanāḥ । tathā sukheṣu prāpteṣu vigatā spṛhā tṛṣṇā yasya, na agniriva indhanādyādhāne sukhānyanu vivardhate sa vigataspṛhaḥ । vītarāgabhayakrodhaḥ rāgaśca bhayaṁ ca krodhaśca vītā vigatā yasmāt sa vītarāgabhayakrodhaḥ । sthitadhīḥ sthitaprajño muniḥ saṁnyāsī tadā ucyate ॥ 56 ॥
kiñca —
yaḥ sarvatrānabhisnehastattatprāpya śubhāśubham ।
nābhinandati na dveṣṭi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ॥ 57 ॥
yaḥ muniḥ sarvatra dehajīvitādiṣvapi anabhisnehaḥ abhisnehavarjitaḥ tattat prāpya śubhāśubhaṁ tattat śubhaṁ aśubhaṁ vā labdhvā na abhinandati na dveṣṭi śubhaṁ prāpya na tuṣyati na hṛṣyati, aśubhaṁ ca prāpya na dveṣṭi ityarthaḥ । tasya evaṁ harṣaviṣādavarjitasya vivekajā prajñā pratiṣṭhitā bhavati ॥ 57 ॥
kiñca—
yadā saṁharate cāyaṁ kūrmo'ṅgānīva sarvaśaḥ ।
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyastasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ॥ 58 ॥
yadā saṁharate samyagupasaṁharate ca ayaṁ jñānaniṣṭhāyāṁ pravṛtto yatiḥ kūrmaḥ aṅgāni iva yathā kūrmaḥ bhayāt svānyaṅgāni upasaṁharati sarvaśaḥ sarvataḥ, evaṁ jñānaniṣṭhaḥ indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ sarvaviṣayebhyaḥ upasaṁharate । tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ityuktārthaṁ vākyam ॥ 58 ॥
tatra viṣayānanāharataḥ āturasyāpi indriyāṇi kūrmāṅgānīva saṁhriyante na tu tadviṣayo rāgaḥ sa kathaṁ saṁhriyate iti ucyate —
viṣayā vinivartante nirāhārasya dehinaḥ ।
rasavarjaṁ raso'pyasya paraṁ dṛṣṭvā nivartate ॥ 59 ॥
yadyapi viṣayāḥ viṣayopalakṣitāni viṣayaśabdavācyāni indriyāṇi nirāhārasya anāhriyamāṇaviṣayasya kaṣṭe tapasi sthitasya mūrkhasyāpi vinivartante dehino dehavataḥ rasavarjaṁ raso rāgo viṣayeṣu yaḥ taṁ varjayitvā । rasaśabdo rāge prasiddhaḥ, svarasena pravṛttaḥ rasikaḥ rasajñaḥ, ityādidarśanāt । so'pi raso rañjanārūpaḥ sūkṣmaḥ asya yateḥ paraṁ paramārthatattvaṁ brahma dṛṣṭvā upalabhya ‘ahameva tat’ iti vartamānasya nivartate nirbījaṁ viṣayavijñānaṁ sampadyate ityarthaḥ । na asati samyagdarśane rasasya ucchedaḥ । tasmāt samyagdarśanātmikāyāḥ prajñāyāḥ sthairyaṁ kartavyamityabhiprāyaḥ ॥ 59 ॥
samyagdarśanalakṣaṇaprajñāsthairyaṁ cikīrṣatā ādau indriyāṇi svavaśe sthāpayitavyāni, yasmāttadanavasthāpane doṣamāha —
yatato hyapi kaunteya puruṣasya vipaścitaḥ ।
indriyāṇi pramāthīni haranti prasabhaṁ manaḥ ॥ 60 ॥
yatataḥ prayatnaṁ kurvataḥ hi yasmāt kaunteya puruṣasya vipaścitaḥ medhāvinaḥ api iti vyavahitena sambandhaḥ । indriyāṇi pramāthīni pramathanaśīlāni viṣayābhimukhaṁ hi puruṣaṁ vikṣobhayanti ākulīkurvanti, ākulīkṛtya ca haranti prasabhaṁ prasahya prakāśameva paśyato vivekavijñānayuktaṁ manaḥ ॥ 60 ॥
yataḥ tasmāt —
tāni sarvāṇi saṁyamya yukta āsīta matparaḥ ।
vaśe hi yasyendriyāṇi tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ॥ 61 ॥
tāni sarvāṇi saṁyamya saṁyamanaṁ vaśīkaraṇaṁ kṛtvā yuktaḥ samāhitaḥ san āsīta matparaḥ ahaṁ vāsudevaḥ sarvapratyagātmā paro yasya saḥ matparaḥ, ‘na anyo'haṁ tasmāt’ iti āsīta ityarthaḥ । evamāsīnasya yateḥ vaśe hi yasya indriyāṇi vartante abhyāsabalāt tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ॥ 61 ॥
athedānīṁ parābhaviṣyataḥ sarvānarthamūlamidamucyate —
dhyāyato viṣayānpuṁsaḥ saṅgasteṣūpajāyate ।
saṅgātsañjāyate kāmaḥ kāmātkrodho'bhijāyate ॥ 62 ॥
dhyāyataḥ cintayataḥ viṣayān śabdādīn viṣayaviśeṣān ālocayataḥ puṁsaḥ puruṣasya saṅgaḥ āsaktiḥ prītiḥ teṣu viṣayeṣu upajāyate utpadyate । saṅgāt prīteḥ sañjāyate samutpadyate kāmaḥ tṛṣṇā । kāmāt kutaścit pratihatāt krodhaḥ abhijāyate ॥ 62 ॥
krodhādbhavati saṁmohaḥ saṁmohātsmṛtivibhramaḥ ।
smṛtibhraṁśādbuddhināśo buddhināśātpraṇaśyati ॥ 63 ॥
krodhāt bhavati saṁmohaḥ avivekaḥ kāryākāryaviṣayaḥ । kruddho hi saṁmūḍhaḥ san gurumapyākrośati । saṁmohāt smṛtivibhramaḥ śāstrācāryopadeśāhitasaṁskārajanitāyāḥ smṛteḥ syāt vibhramo bhraṁśaḥ smṛtyutpattinimittaprāptau anutpattiḥ । tataḥ smṛtibhraṁśāt buddhināśaḥ buddhernāśaḥ । kāryākāryaviṣayavivekāyogyatā antaḥkaraṇasya buddhernāśa ucyate । buddhināśāt praṇaśyati । tāvadeva hi puruṣaḥ yāvadantaḥkaraṇaṁ tadīyaṁ kāryākāryaviṣayavivekayogyam । tadayogyatve naṣṭa eva puruṣo bhavati । ataḥ tasyāntaḥkaraṇasya buddhernāśāt praṇaśyati puruṣārthāyogyo bhavatītyarthaḥ ॥ 63 ॥
sarvānarthasya mūlamuktaṁ viṣayābhidhyānam । atha idānīṁ mokṣakāraṇamidamucyate —
rāgadveṣaviyuktaistu viṣayānindriyaiścaran ।
ātmavaśyairvidheyātmā prasādamadhigacchati ॥ 64 ॥
rāgadveṣaviyuktaiḥ rāgaśca dveṣaśca rāgadveṣau, tatpuraḥsarā hi indriyāṇāṁ pravṛttiḥ svābhāvikī, tatra yo mumukṣuḥ bhavati saḥ tābhyāṁ viyuktaiḥ śrotrādibhiḥ indriyaiḥ viṣayān avarjanīyān caran upalabhamānaḥ ātmavaśyaiḥ ātmanaḥ vaśyāni vaśībhūtāni indriyāṇi taiḥ ātmavaśyaiḥ vidheyātmā icchātaḥ vidheyaḥ ātmā antaḥkaraṇaṁ yasya saḥ ayaṁ prasādam adhigacchati । prasādaḥ prasannatā svāsthyam ॥ 64 ॥
prasāde sati kiṁ syāt ityucyate —
prasāde sarvaduḥkhānāṁ hānirasyopajāyate ।
prasannacetaso hyāśu buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate ॥ 65 ॥
prasāde sarvaduḥkhānām ādhyātmikādīnāṁ hāniḥ vināśaḥ asya yateḥ upajāyate । kiñca — prasannacetasaḥ svasthāntaḥkaraṇasya hi yasmāt āśu śīghraṁ buddhiḥ paryavatiṣṭhate ākāśamiva pari samantāt avatiṣṭhate, ātmasvarūpeṇaiva niścalībhavatītyarthaḥ ॥
evaṁ prasannacetasaḥ avasthitabuddheḥ kṛtakṛtyatā yataḥ, tasmāt rāgadveṣaviyuktaiḥ indriyaiḥ śāstrāviruddheṣu avarjanīyeṣu yuktaḥ samācaret iti vākyārthaḥ ॥ 65 ॥
seyaṁ prasannatā stūyate —
nāsti buddhirayuktasya na cāyuktasya bhāvanā ।
na cābhāvayataḥ śāntiraśāntasya kutaḥ sukham ॥ 66 ॥
nāsti na vidyate na bhavatītyarthaḥ, buddhiḥ ātmasvarūpaviṣayā ayuktasya asamāhitāntaḥkaraṇasya । na ca asti ayuktasya bhāvanā ātmajñānābhiniveśaḥ । tathā — na ca asti abhāvayataḥ ātmajñānābhiniveśamakurvataḥ śāntiḥ upaśamaḥ । aśāntasya kutaḥ sukham ? indriyāṇāṁ hi viṣayasevātṛṣṇātaḥ nivṛttiryā tatsukham , na viṣayaviṣayā tṛṣṇā । duḥkhameva hi sā । na tṛṣṇāyāṁ satyāṁ sukhasya gandhamātramapyupapadyate ityarthaḥ ॥ 66 ॥
ayuktasya kasmādbuddhirnāsti ityucyate —
indriyāṇāṁ hi caratāṁ yanmano'nuvidhīyate ।
tadasya harati prajñāṁ vāyurnāvamivāmbhasi ॥ 67 ॥
indriyāṇāṁ hi yasmāt caratāṁ svasvaviṣayeṣu pravartamānānāṁ yat manaḥ anuvidhīyate anupravartate tat indriyaviṣayavikalpanena pravṛttaṁ manaḥ asya yateḥ harati prajñām ātmānātmavivekajāṁ nāśayati । katham ? vāyuḥ nāvamiva ambhasi udake jigamiṣatāṁ mārgāduddhṛtya unmārge yathā vāyuḥ nāvaṁ pravartayati, evamātmaviṣayāṁ prajñāṁ hṛtvā mano viṣayaviṣayāṁ karoti ॥ 67 ॥
tasmādyasya mahābāho nigṛhītāni sarvaśaḥ ।
indriyāṇīndriyārthebhyastasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ॥ 68 ॥
indriyāṇāṁ pravṛttau doṣa upapādito yasmāt , tasmāt yasya yateḥ he mahābāho, nigṛhītāni sarvaśaḥ sarvaprakāraiḥ mānasādibhedaiḥ indriyāṇi indriyārthebhyaḥ śabdādibhyaḥ tasya prajñā pratiṣṭhitā ॥ 68 ॥
yo'yaṁ laukiko vaidikaśca vyavahāraḥ sa utpannavivekajñānasya sthitaprajñasya avidyākāryatvāt avidyānivṛttau nivartate, avidyāyāśca vidyāvirodhāt nivṛttiḥ, ityetamarthaṁ sphuṭīkurvan āha —
yā niśā sarvabhūtānāṁ tasyāṁ jāgarti saṁyamī ।
yasyāṁ jāgrati bhūtāni sā niśā paśyato muneḥ ॥ 69 ॥
yā niśā rātriḥ sarvapadārthānāmavivekakarī tamaḥsvabhāvatvāt sarvabhūtānāṁ sarveṣāṁ bhūtānām । kiṁ tat paramārthatattvaṁ sthitaprajñasya viṣayaḥ । yathā naktañcarāṇām ahareva sadanyeṣāṁ niśā bhavati, tadvat naktañcarasthānīyānāmajñānāṁ sarvabhūtānāṁ niśeva niśā paramārthatattvam , agocaratvādatadbuddhīnām । tasyāṁ paramārthatattvalakṣaṇāyāmajñānanidrāyāḥ prabuddho jāgarti saṁyamī saṁyamavān , jitendriyo yogītyarthaḥ । yasyāṁ grāhyagrāhakabhedalakṣaṇāyāmavidyāniśāyāṁ prasuptānyeva bhūtāni jāgrati iti ucyante, yasyāṁ niśāyāṁ prasuptā iva svapnadṛśaḥ, sā niśā avidyārūpatvāt paramārthatattvaṁ paśyato muneḥ ॥
ataḥ karmāṇi avidyāvasthāyāmeva codyante,
na vidyāvasthāyām ।
vidyāyāṁ hi satyām udite savitari śārvaramiva tamaḥ praṇāśamupagacchati avidyā ।
prāk vidyotpatteḥ avidyā pramāṇabuddhyā gṛhyamāṇā kriyākārakaphalabhedarūpā satī sarvakarmahetutvaṁ pratipadyate ।
na apramāṇabuddhyā gṛhyamāṇāyāḥ karmahetutvopapattiḥ, ‘
pramāṇabhūtena vedena mama coditaṁ kartavyaṁ karma’
iti hi karmaṇi kartā pravartate,
na ‘
avidyāmātramidaṁ sarvaṁ niśeva’
iti ।
yasya punaḥ ‘
niśeva avidyāmātramidaṁ sarvaṁ bhedajātam’
iti jñānaṁ tasya ātmajñasya sarvakarmasaṁnyāse eva adhikāro na pravṛttau ।
tathā ca darśayiṣyati —
‘tadbuddhayastadātmānaḥ’ (bha. gī. 5 । 17) ityādinā jñānaniṣṭhāyāmeva tasya adhikāram ॥
tatrāpi pravartakapramāṇābhāve pravṛttyanupapattiḥ iti cet , na ; svātmaviṣayatvādātmavijñānasya । na hi ātmanaḥ svātmani pravartakapramāṇāpekṣatā, ātmatvādeva । tadantatvācca sarvapramāṇānāṁ pramāṇatvasya । na hi ātmasvarūpādhigame sati punaḥ pramāṇaprameyavyavahāraḥ sambhavati । pramātṛtvaṁ hi ātmanaḥ nivartayati antyaṁ pramāṇam ; nivartayadeva ca apramāṇībhavati, svapnakālapramāṇamiva prabodhe । loke ca vastvadhigame pravṛttihetuttvādarśanāt pramāṇasya । tasmāt na ātmavidaḥ karmaṇyadhikāra iti siddham ॥ 69 ॥
viduṣaḥ tyaktaiṣaṇasya sthitaprajñasya yatereva mokṣaprāptiḥ, na tu asaṁnyāsinaḥ kāmakāminaḥ ityetamarthaṁ dṛṣṭāntena pratipādayiṣyan āha —
āpūryamāṇamacalapratiṣṭhaṁ samudramāpaḥ praviśanti yadvat ।
tadvatkāmā yaṁ praviśanti sarve sa śāntimāpnoti na kāmakāmī ॥ 70 ॥
āpūryamāṇam adbhiḥ acalapratiṣṭham acalatayā pratiṣṭhā avasthitiḥ yasya tam acalapratiṣṭhaṁ samudram āpaḥ sarvato gatāḥ praviśanti svātmasthamavikriyameva santaṁ yadvat , tadvat kāmāḥ viṣayasaṁnidhāvapi sarvataḥ icchāviśeṣāḥ yaṁ puruṣam — samudramiva āpaḥ — avikurvantaḥ praviśanti sarve ātmanyeva pralīyante na svātmavaśaṁ kurvanti, saḥ śāntiṁ mokṣam āpnoti, na itaraḥ kāmakāmī, kāmyanta iti kāmāḥ viṣayāḥ tān kāmayituṁ śīlaṁ yasya saḥ kāmakāmī, naiva prāpnoti ityarthaḥ ॥ 70 ॥
yasmādevaṁ tasmāt—
vihāya kāmānyaḥ sarvānpumāṁścarati niḥspṛhaḥ ।
nirmamo nirahaṅkāraḥ sa śāntimadhigacchati ॥ 71 ॥
vihāya parityajya kāmān yaḥ saṁnyāsī pumān sarvān aśeṣataḥ kārtsnyena carati, jīvanamātraceṣṭāśeṣaḥ paryaṭatītyarthaḥ । niḥspṛhaḥ śarīrajīvanamātre'pi nirgatā spṛhā yasya saḥ niḥspṛhaḥ san , nirmamaḥ śarīrajīvanamātrākṣiptaparigrahe'pi mamedam ityapabhiniveśavarjitaḥ, nirahaṅkāraḥ vidyāvattvādinimittātmasambhāvanārahitaḥ ityetat । saḥ evaṁbhūtaḥ sthitaprajñaḥ brahmavit śāntiṁ sarvasaṁsāraduḥkhoparamalakṣaṇāṁ nirvāṇākhyām adhigacchati prāpnoti brahmabhūto bhavati ityarthaḥ ॥ 71 ॥
saiṣā jñānaniṣṭhā stūyate —
eṣā brāhmī sthitiḥ pārtha naināṁ prāpya vimuhyati ।
sthitvāsyāmantakāle'pi brahmanirvāṇamṛcchati ॥ 72 ॥
eṣā yathoktā brāhmī brahmaṇi bhavā iyaṁ sthitiḥ sarvaṁ karma saṁnyasya brahmarūpeṇaiva avasthānam ityetat । he pārtha, na enāṁ sthitiṁ prāpya labdhvā na vimuhyati na mohaṁ prāpnoti । sthitvā asyāṁ sthitau brāhmyāṁ yathoktāyāṁ antakāle'pi antye vayasyapi brahmanirvāṇaṁ brahmanirvṛtiṁ mokṣam ṛcchati gacchati । kimu vaktavyaṁ brahmacaryādeva saṁnyasya yāvajjīvaṁ yo brahmaṇyeva avatiṣṭhate sa brahmanirvāṇamṛcchati iti ॥ 72 ॥
iti śrīmatparamahaṁsaparivrājakācāryasya śrīgovindabhagavatpūjyapādaśiṣyasya śrīmacchaṅkarabhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmatbhagavadgītābhāṣye dvitīyo'dhyāyaḥ ॥