saptame adhyāye sūcite dve prakṛtī īśvarasya —
triguṇātmikā aṣṭadhā bhinnā aparā,
saṁsārahetutvāt ;
parā ca anyā jīvabhūtā kṣetrajñalakṣaṇā īśvarātmikā —
yābhyāṁ prakṛtibhyāmīśvaraḥ jagadutpattisthitilayahetutvaṁ pratipadyate ।
tatra kṣetrakṣetrajñalakṣaṇaprakṛtidvayanirūpaṇadvāreṇa tadvataḥ īśvarasya tattvanirdhāraṇārthaṁ kṣetrādhyāyaḥ ārabhyate ।
atītānantarādhyāye ca ‘adveṣṭā sarvabhūtānām’ (bha. gī. 12 । 13) ityādinā yāvat adhyāyaparisamāptiḥ tāvat tattvajñānināṁ saṁnyāsināṁ niṣṭhā yathā te vartante ityetat uktam ।
kena punaḥ te tattvajñānena yuktāḥ yathoktadharmācaraṇāt bhagavataḥ priyā bhavantīti evamarthaśca ayamadhyāyaḥ ārabhyate ।
prakṛtiśca triguṇātmikā sarvakāryakaraṇaviṣayākāreṇa pariṇatā puruṣasya bhogāpavargārthakartavyatayā dehendriyādyākāreṇa saṁhanyate ।
so'yaṁ saṅghātaḥ idaṁ śarīram ।
tadetat bhagavān uvāca —
śrībhagavānuvāca —
idaṁ śarīraṁ kaunteya kṣetramityabhidhīyate ।
etadyo vetti taṁ prāhuḥ kṣetrajña iti tadvidaḥ ॥ 1 ॥
idam iti sarvanāmnā uktaṁ viśinaṣṭi śarīram iti । he kaunteya, kṣatatrāṇāt , kṣayāt , kṣaraṇāt , kṣetravadvā asmin karmaphalaniṣpatteḥ kṣetram iti — itiśabdaḥ evaṁśabdapadārthakaḥ — kṣetram ityevam abhidhīyate kathyate । etat śarīraṁ kṣetraṁ yaḥ vetti vijānāti, āpādatalamastakaṁ jñānena viṣayīkaroti, svābhāvikena aupadeśikena vā vedanena viṣayīkaroti vibhāgaśaḥ, taṁ veditāraṁ prāhuḥ kathayanti kṣetrajñaḥ iti — itiśabdaḥ evaṁśabdapadārthakaḥ eva pūrvavat — kṣetrajñaḥ ityevam āhuḥ । ke ? tadvidaḥ tau kṣetrakṣetrajñau ye vidanti te tadvidaḥ ॥ 1 ॥
evaṁ kṣetrakṣetrajñau uktau । kim etāvanmātreṇa jñānena jñātavyau iti ? na iti ucyate —
kṣetrajñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi sarvakṣetreṣu bhārata ।
kṣetrakṣetrajñayorjñānaṁ yattajjñānaṁ mataṁ mama ॥ 2 ॥
kṣetrajñaṁ yathoktalakṣaṇaṁ cāpi māṁ parameśvaram asaṁsāriṇaṁ viddhi jānīhi । sarvakṣetreṣu yaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ brahmādistambaparyantānekakṣetropādhipravibhaktaḥ, taṁ nirastasarvopādhibhedaṁ sadasadādiśabdapratyayāgocaraṁ viddhi iti abhiprāyaḥ । he bhārata, yasmāt kṣetrakṣetrajñeśvarayāthātmyavyatirekeṇa na jñānagocaram anyat avaśiṣṭam asti, tasmāt kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ jñeyabhūtayoḥ yat jñānaṁ kṣetrakṣetrajñau yena jñānena viṣayīkriyete, tat jñānaṁ samyagjñānam iti matam abhiprāyaḥ mama īśvarasya viṣṇoḥ ॥
nanu sarvakṣetreṣu eka eva īśvaraḥ, na anyaḥ tadvyatiriktaḥ bhoktā vidyate cet , tataḥ īsvarasya saṁsāritvaṁ prāptam ; īśvaravyatirekeṇa vā saṁsāriṇaḥ anyasya abhāvāt saṁsārābhāvaprasaṅgaḥ । tacca ubhayamaniṣṭam , bandhamokṣataddhetuśāstrānarthakyaprasaṅgāt , pratyakṣādipramāṇavirodhācca । pratyakṣeṇa tāvat sukhaduḥkhataddhetulakṣaṇaḥ saṁsāraḥ upalabhyate ; jagadvaicitryopalabdheśca dharmādharmanimittaḥ saṁsāraḥ anumīyate । sarvametat anupapannamātmeśvaraikatve ॥
na ;
jñānājñānayoḥ anyatvenopapatteḥ —
‘dūramete viparīte viṣūcī avidyā yā ca vidyeti jñātā’ (ka. u. 1 । 2 । 4) ।
tathā tayoḥ vidyāvidyāviṣayayoḥ phalabhedo'pi viruddhaḥ nirdiṣṭaḥ —
‘śreyaśca preyaśca’ (ka. u. 1 । 2 । 2) iti ;
vidyāviṣayaḥ śreyaḥ,
preyastu avidyākāryam iti ।
tathā ca vyāsaḥ —
‘dvāvimāvatha panthānau’ (mo. dha. 241 । 6) ityādi, ‘
imau dvāveva panthānau’
ityādi ca ।
iha ca dve niṣṭhe ukte ।
avidyā ca saha kāryeṇa hātavyā iti śrutismṛtinyāyebhyaḥ avagamyate ।
śrutayaḥ tāvat —
‘iha cedavedīdatha satyamasti na cedihāvedīnmahatī vinaṣṭiḥ’ (ke. u. 2 । 5) ‘tamevaṁ vidvānamṛta iha bhavati । nānyaḥ panthā vidyate'yanāya’ (tai. ā. 3 । 13) ‘vidvānna bibheti kutaścana’ (tai. u. 2 । 9 । 1) ।
aviduṣastu —
‘atha tasya bhayaṁ bhavati’ (tai. u. 2 । 7 । 1),
‘avidyāyāmantare vartamānāḥ’ (ka. u. 1 । 2 । 5), ‘
brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati’
‘anyo'sāvanyo'hamasmīti na sa veda yathā paśurevaṁ sa devānām’ (bṛ. u. 1 । 4 । 10) ātmavit yaḥ ‘sa idaṁ sarvaṁ bhavati’ (bṛ. u. 1 । 4 । 10) ;
‘yadā carmavat’ (śve. u. 6 । 20) ityādyāḥ sahasraśaḥ ।
smṛtayaśca —
‘ajñānenāvṛtaṁ jñānaṁ tena muhyanti jantavaḥ’ (bha. gī. 5 । 15) ‘ihaiva tairjitaḥ sargo yeṣāṁ sāmye sthitaṁ manaḥ’ (bha. gī. 5 । 19) ‘samaṁ paśyan hi sarvatra’ (bha. gī. 13 । 28) ityādyāḥ ।
nyāyataśca —
‘sarpānkuśāgrāṇi tathodapānaṁ jñātvā manuṣyāḥ parivarjayanti । ajñānatastatra patanti kecijjñāne phalaṁ paśya yathāviśiṣṭam’ (mo. dha. 201 । 17) ।
tathā ca —
dehādiṣu ātmabuddhiḥ avidvān rāgadveṣādiprayuktaḥ dharmādharmānuṣṭhānakṛt jāyate mriyate ca iti avagamyate ;
dehādivyatiriktātmadarśinaḥ rāgadveṣādiprahāṇāpekṣadharmādharmapravṛttyupaśamāt mucyante iti na kenacit pratyākhyātuṁ śakyaṁ nyāyataḥ ।
tatra evaṁ sati,
kṣetrajñasya īśvarasyaiva sataḥ avidyākṛtopādhibhedataḥ saṁsāritvamiva bhavati,
yathā dehādyātmatvamātmanaḥ ।
sarvajantūnāṁ hi prasiddhaḥ dehādiṣu anātmasu ātmabhāvaḥ niścitaḥ avidyākṛtaḥ,
yathā sthāṇau puruṣaniścayaḥ ;
na ca etāvatā puruṣadharmaḥ sthāṇoḥ bhavati,
sthāṇudharmo vā puruṣasya,
tathā na caitanyadharmo dehasya,
dehadharmo vā cetanasya sukhaduḥkhamohātmakatvādiḥ ātmanaḥ na yuktaḥ ;
avidyākṛtatvāviśeṣāt ,
jarāmṛtyuvat ॥
na, atulyatvāt ; iti cet — sthāṇupuruṣau jñeyāveva santau jñātrā anyonyasmin adhyastau avidyayā ; dehātmanostu jñeyajñātroreva itaretarādhyāsaḥ, iti na samaḥ dṛṣṭāntaḥ । ataḥ dehadharmaḥ jñeyo'pi jñāturātmanaḥ bhavatīti cet , na ; acaitanyādiprasaṅgāt । yadi hi jñeyasya dehādeḥ kṣetrasya dharmāḥ sukhaduḥkhamohecchādayaḥ jñātuḥ bhavanti, tarhi, ‘jñeyasya kṣetrasya dharmāḥ kecit ātmanaḥ bhavanti avidyādhyāropitāḥ, jarāmaraṇādayastu na bhavanti’ iti viśeṣahetuḥ vaktavyaḥ । ‘na bhavanti’ iti asti anumānam — avidyādhyāropitatvāt jarāmaraṇādivat iti, heyatvāt , upādeyatvācca ityādi । tatra evaṁ sati, kartṛtvabhoktṛtvalakṣaṇaḥ saṁsāraḥ jñeyasthaḥ jñātari avidyayā adhyāropitaḥ iti, na tena jñātuḥ kiñcit duṣyati, yathā bālaiḥ adhyāropitena ākāśasya talamalinatvādinā ॥
evaṁ ca sati, sarvakṣetreṣvapi sataḥ bhagavataḥ kṣetrajñasya īśvarasya saṁsāritvagandhamātramapi nāśaṅkyam । na hi kvacidapi loke avidyādhyastena dharmeṇa kasyacit upakāraḥ apakāro vā dṛṣṭaḥ ॥
yattu uktam — na samaḥ dṛṣṭāntaḥ iti, tat asat । katham ? avidyādhyāsamātraṁ hi dṛṣṭāntadārṣṭāntikayoḥ sādharmyaṁ vivakṣitam । tat na vyabhicarati । yattu jñātari vyabhicarati iti manyase, tasyāpi anaikāntikatvaṁ darśitaṁ jarādibhiḥ ॥
avidyāvattvāt kṣetrajñasya saṁsāritvam iti cet , na ; avidyāyāḥ tāmasatvāt । tāmaso hi pratyayaḥ, āvaraṇātmakatvāt avidyā viparītagrāhakaḥ, saṁśayopasthāpako vā, agrahaṇātmako vā ; vivekaprakāśabhāve tadabhāvāt , tāmase ca āvaraṇātmake timirādidoṣe sati agrahaṇādeḥ avidyātrayasya upalabdheḥ ॥
atra āha —
evaṁ tarhi jñātṛdharmaḥ avidyā ।
na ;
karaṇe cakṣuṣi taimirikatvādidoṣopalabdheḥ ।
yattu manyase —
jñātṛdharmaḥ avidyā,
tadeva ca avidyādharmavattvaṁ kṣetrajñasya saṁsāritvam ;
tatra yaduktam ‘
īśvara eva kṣetrajñaḥ,
na saṁsārī’
ityetat ayuktamiti —
tat na ;
yathā karaṇe cakṣuṣi viparītagrāhakādidoṣasya darśanāt ।
na viparītādigrahaṇaṁ tannimittaṁ vā taimirikatvādidoṣaḥ grahītuḥ,
cakṣuṣaḥ saṁskāreṇa timire apanīte grahītuḥ adarśanāt na grahīturdharmaḥ yathā ;
tathā sarvatraiva agrahaṇaviparītasaṁśayapratyayāstannimittāḥ karaṇasyaiva kasyacit bhavitumarhanti,
na jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya ।
saṁvedyatvācca teṣāṁ pradīpaprakāśavat na jñātṛdharmatvam —
saṁvedyatvādeva svātmavyatiriktasaṁvedyatvam ;
sarvakaraṇaviyoge ca kaivalye sarvavādibhiḥ avidyādidoṣavattvānabhyupagamāt ।
ātmanaḥ yadi kṣetrajñasya agnyuṣṇavat svaḥ dharmaḥ,
tataḥ na kadācidapi tena viyogaḥ syāt ।
avikriyasya ca vyomavat sarvagatasya amūrtasya ātmanaḥ kenacit saṁyogaviyogānupapatteḥ,
siddhaṁ kṣetrajñasya nityameva īśvaratvam ;
‘anāditvānnirguṇatvāt’ (bha. gī. 13 । 31) ityādīśvaravacanācca ॥
nanu evaṁ sati saṁsārasaṁsāritvābhāve śāstrānarthakyādidoṣaḥ syāditi cet , na ; sarvairabhyupagatatvāt । sarvaiḥ ātmavādibhiḥ abhyupagataḥ doṣaḥ na ekena parihartavyaḥ bhavati । katham abhyupagataḥ iti ? muktātmanāṁ hi saṁsārasaṁsāritvavyavahārābhāvaḥ sarvaireva ātmavādibhiḥ iṣyate । na ca teṣāṁ śāstrānarthakyādidoṣaprāptiḥ abhyupagatā । tathā naḥ kṣetrajñānām īśvaraikatve sati, śāstrānarthakyaṁ bhavatu ; avidyāviṣaye ca arthavattvam — yathā dvaitināṁ sarveṣāṁ bandhāvasthāyāmeva śāstrādyarthavattvam , na muktāvasthāyām , evam ॥
nanu ātmanaḥ bandhamuktāvasthe paramārthata eva vastubhūte dvaitināṁ sarveṣām । ataḥ heyopādeyatatsādhanasadbhāve śāstrādyarthavattvaṁ syāt । advaitināṁ punaḥ, dvaitasya aparamārthatvāt , avidyākṛtatvāt bandhāvasthāyāśca ātmanaḥ aparamārthatve nirviṣayatvāt , śāstrādyānarthakyam iti cet , na ; ātmanaḥ avasthābhedānupapatteḥ । yadi tāvat ātmanaḥ bandhamuktāvasthe, yugapat syātām , krameṇa vā । yugapat tāvat virodhāt na sambhavataḥ sthitigatī iva ekasmin । kramabhāvitve ca, nirnimittatve anirmokṣaprasaṅgaḥ । anyanimittatve ca svataḥ abhāvāt aparamārthatvaprasaṅgaḥ । tathā ca sati abhyupagamahāniḥ । kiñca, bandhamuktāvasthayoḥ paurvāparyanirūpaṇāyāṁ bandhāvasthā pūrvaṁ prakalpyā, anādimatī antavatī ca ; tacca pramāṇaviruddham । tathā mokṣāvasthā ādimatī anantā ca pramāṇaviruddhaiva abhyupagamyate । na ca avasthāvataḥ avasthāntaraṁ gacchataḥ nityatvam upapādayituṁ śakyam । atha anityatvadoṣaparihārāya bandhamuktāvasthābhedo na kalpyate, ataḥ dvaitināmapi śāstrānarthakyādidoṣaḥ aparihārya eva ; iti samānatvāt na advaitavādinā parihartavyaḥ doṣaḥ ॥
na ca śāstrānarthakyam , yathāprasiddhāvidvatpuruṣaviṣayatvāt śāstrasya । aviduṣāṁ hi phalahetvoḥ anātmanoḥ ātmadarśanam , na viduṣām ; viduṣāṁ hi phalahetubhyām ātmanaḥ anyatvadarśane sati, tayoḥ ahamiti ātmadarśanānupapatteḥ । na hi atyantamūḍhaḥ unmattādirapi jalāgnyoḥ chāyāprakāśayorvā aikātmyaṁ paśyati ; kimuta vivekī । tasmāt na vidhipratiṣedhaśāstraṁ tāvat phalahetubhyām ātmanaḥ anyatvadarśinaḥ bhavati । na hi ‘devadatta, tvam idaṁ kuru’ iti kasmiṁścit karmaṇi niyukte, viṣṇumitraḥ ‘ahaṁ niyuktaḥ’ iti tatrasthaḥ niyogaṁ śṛṇvannapi pratipadyate । viyogaviṣayavivekāgrahaṇāt tu upapadyate pratipattiḥ ; tathā phalahetvorapi ॥
nanu prākṛtasambandhāpekṣayā yuktaiva pratipattiḥ śāstrārthaviṣayā — phalahetubhyām anyātmaviṣayadarśane'pi sati — iṣṭaphalahetau pravartitaḥ asmi, aniṣṭaphalahetośca nivartitaḥ asmīti ; yathā pitṛputrādīnām itaretarātmānyatvadarśane satyapi anyonyaniyogapratiṣedhārthapratipattiḥ । na ; vyatiriktātmadarśanapratipatteḥ prāgeva phalahetvoḥ ātmābhimānasya siddhatvāt । pratipannaniyogapratiṣedhārtho hi phalahetubhyām ātmanaḥ anyatvaṁ pratipadyate, na pūrvam । tasmāt vidhipratiṣedhaśāstram avidvadviṣayam iti siddham ॥
nanu ‘svargakāmo yajeta’ ( ? ) ‘na kalañjaṁ bhakṣayet’ ( ? ) ityādau ātmavyatirekadarśinām apravṛttau, kevaladehādyātmadṛṣṭīnāṁ ca ; ataḥ kartuḥ abhāvāt śāstrānarthakyamiti cet , na ; yathāprasiddhita eva pravṛttinivṛttyupapatteḥ । īśvarakṣetrajñaikatvadarśī brahmavit tāvat na pravartate । tathā nairātmyavādyapi nāsti paralokaḥ iti na pravartate । yathāprasiddhitastu vidhipratiṣedhaśāstraśravaṇānyathānupapattyā anumitātmāstitvaḥ ātmaviśeṣānabhijñaḥ karmaphalasañjātatṛṣṇaḥ śraddadhānatayā ca pravartate । iti sarveṣāṁ naḥ pratyakṣam । ataḥ na śāstrānarthakyam ॥
vivekinām apravṛttidarśanāt tadanugāminām apravṛttau śāstrānarthakyam iti cet , na ;
kasyacideva vivekopapatteḥ ।
anekeṣu hi prāṇiṣu kaścideva vivekī syāt ,
yathedānīm ।
na ca vivekinam anuvartante mūḍhāḥ,
rāgādidoṣatantratvāt pravṛtteḥ,
abhicaraṇādau ca pravṛttidarśanāt ,
svābhāvyācca pravṛtteḥ —
‘svabhāvastu pravartate’ (bha. gī. 5 । 14) iti hi uktam ॥
atha kimidaṁ saṁsāriṇāmiva ‘ahamevaṁ’ ‘mamaivedam’ iti paṇḍitānāmapi ? śṛṇu ; idaṁ tat pāṇḍityam , yat kṣetre eva ātmadarśanam । yadi punaḥ kṣetrajñam avikriyaṁ paśyeyuḥ, tataḥ na bhogaṁ karma vā ākāṅkṣeyuḥ ‘mama syāt’ iti । vikriyaiva bhogakarmaṇī । atha evaṁ sati, phalārthitvāt avidvān pravartate । viduṣaḥ punaḥ avikriyātmadarśinaḥ phalārthitvābhāvāt pravṛttyanupapattau kāryakaraṇasaṅghātavyāpāroparame nivṛttiḥ upacaryate ॥
idaṁ ca anyat pāṇḍityaṁ keṣāñcit astu — kṣetrajñaḥ īśvara eva । kṣetraṁ ca anyat kṣetrajñasyaiva viṣayaḥ । ahaṁ tu saṁsārī sukhī duḥkhī ca । saṁsāroparamaśca mama kartavyaḥ kṣetrakṣetrajñavijñānena, dhyānena ca īśvaraṁ kṣetrajñaṁ sākṣātkṛtvā tatsvarūpāvasthāneneti । yaśca evaṁ budhyate, yaśca bodhayati, nāsau kṣetrajñaḥ iti । evaṁ manvānaḥ yaḥ saḥ paṇḍitāpaśadaḥ, saṁsāramokṣayoḥ śāstrasya ca arthavattvaṁ karomīti ; ātmahā svayaṁ mūḍhaḥ anyāṁśca vyāmohayati śāstrārthasampradāyarahitatvāt , śrutahānim aśrutakalpanāṁ ca kurvan । tasmāt asampradāyavit sarvaśāstravidapi mūrkhavadeva upekṣaṇīyaḥ ॥
yattūktam ‘īśvarasya kṣetrajñaikatve saṁsāritvaṁ prāpnoti, kṣetrajñānāṁ ca īśvaraikatve saṁsāriṇaḥ abhāvāt saṁsārābhāvaprasaṅgaḥ’ iti, etau doṣau pratyuktau ‘vidyāvidyayoḥ vailakṣaṇyābhyupagamāt’ iti । katham ? avidyāparikalpitadoṣeṇa tadviṣayaṁ vastu pāramārthikaṁ na duṣyatīti । tathā ca dṛṣṭāntaḥ darśitaḥ — marīcyambhasā ūṣaradeśo na paṅkīkriyate iti । saṁsāriṇaḥ abhāvāt saṁsārābhāvaprasaṅgadoṣo'pi saṁsārasaṁsāriṇoḥ avidyākalpitatvopapattyā pratyuktaḥ ॥
nanu avidyāvattvameva kṣetrajñasya saṁsāritvadoṣaḥ । tatkṛtaṁ ca sukhitvaduḥkhitvādi pratyakṣam upalabhyate iti cet , na ; jñeyasya kṣetradharmatvāt , jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya tatkṛtadoṣānupapatteḥ । yāvat kiñcit kṣetrajñasya doṣajātam avidyamānam āsañjayasi, tasya jñeyatvopapatteḥ kṣetradharmatvameva, na kṣetrajñadharmatvam । na ca tena kṣetrajñaḥ duṣyati, jñeyena jñātuḥ saṁsargānupapatteḥ । yadi hi saṁsargaḥ syāt , jñeyatvameva nopapadyeta । yadi ātmanaḥ dharmaḥ avidyāvattvaṁ duḥkhitvādi ca kathaṁ bhoḥ pratyakṣam upalabhyate, kathaṁ vā kṣetrajñadharmaḥ । ‘jñeyaṁ ca sarvaṁ kṣetraṁ jñātaiva kṣetrajñaḥ’ iti avadhārite, ‘avidyāduḥkhitvādeḥ kṣetrajñaviśeṣaṇatvaṁ kṣetrajñadharmatvaṁ tasya ca pratyakṣopalabhyatvam’ iti viruddham ucyate avidyāmātrāvaṣṭambhāt kevalam ॥
atra āha — sā avidyā kasya iti । yasya dṛśyate tasya eva । kasya dṛśyate iti । atra ucyate — ‘avidyā kasya dṛśyate ? ’ iti praśnaḥ nirarthakaḥ । katham ? dṛśyate cet avidyā, tadvantamapi paśyasi । na ca tadvati upalabhyamāne ‘sā kasya ? ’ iti praśno yuktaḥ । na hi gomati upalabhyamāne ‘gāvaḥ kasya ? ’ iti praśnaḥ arthavān bhavati । nanu viṣamo dṛṣṭāntaḥ । gavāṁ tadvataśca pratyakṣatvāt tatsambandho'pi pratyakṣa iti praśno nirarthakaḥ । na tathā avidyā tadvāṁśca pratyakṣau, yataḥ praśnaḥ nirarthakaḥ syāt । apratyakṣeṇa avidyāvatā avidyāsambandhe jñāte, kiṁ tava syāt ? avidyāyāḥ anarthahetutvāt parihartavyā syāt । yasya avidyā, saḥ tāṁ parihariṣyati । nanu mamaiva avidyā । jānāsi tarhi avidyāṁ tadvantaṁ ca ātmānam । jānāmi, na tu pratyakṣeṇa । anumānena cet jānāsi, kathaṁ sambandhagrahaṇam ? na hi tava jñātuḥ jñeyabhūtayā avidyayā tatkāle sambandhaḥ grahītuṁ śakyate, avidyāyā viṣayatvenaiva jñātuḥ upayuktatvāt । na ca jñātuḥ avidyāyāśca sambandhasya yaḥ grahītā, jñānaṁ ca anyat tadviṣayaṁ sambhavati ; anavasthāprāpteḥ । yadi jñātrāpi jñeyasambandho jñāyate, anyaḥ jñātā kalpyaḥ syāt , tasyāpi anyaḥ, tasyāpi anyaḥ iti anavasthā aparihāryā । yadi punaḥ avidyā jñeyā, anyadvā jñeyaṁ jñeyameva । tathā jñātāpi jñātaiva, na jñeyaṁ bhavati । yadā ca evam , avidyāduḥkhitvādyaiḥ na jñātuḥ kṣetrajñasya kiñcit duṣyati ॥
‘idaṁ śarīram’ ityādiślokopadiṣṭasya kṣetrādhyāyārthasya saṅgrahaślokaḥ ayam upanyasyate ‘tatkṣetraṁ yacca’ ityādi, vyācikhyāsitasya hi arthasya saṅgrahopanyāsaḥ nyāyyaḥ iti —
tatkṣetraṁ yacca yādṛkca yadvikāri yataśca yat ।
sa ca yo yatprabhāvaśca tatsamāsena me śṛṇu ॥ 3 ॥
yat nirdiṣṭam ‘idaṁ śarīram’ iti tat tacchabdena parāmṛśati । yacca idaṁ nirdiṣṭaṁ kṣetraṁ tat yādṛk yādṛśaṁ svakīyaiḥ dharmaiḥ । ca - śabdaḥ samuccayārthaḥ । yadvikāri yaḥ vikāraḥ yasya tat yadvikāri, yataḥ yasmāt ca yat , kāryam utpadyate iti vākyaśeṣaḥ । sa ca yaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ nirdiṣṭaḥ saḥ yatprabhāvaḥ ye prabhāvāḥ upādhikṛtāḥ śaktayaḥ yasya saḥ yatprabhāvaśca । tat kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ yāthātmyaṁ yathāviśeṣitaṁ samāsena saṅkṣepeṇa me mama vākyataḥ śṛṇu, śrutvā avadhāraya ityarthaḥ ॥ 3 ॥
tat kṣetrakṣetrajñayāthātmyaṁ vivakṣitaṁ stauti śrotṛbuddhiprarocanārtham —
ṛṣibhirbahudhā gītaṁ chandobhirvividhaiḥ pṛthak ।
brahmasūtrapadaiścaiva hetumadbhirviniścitaiḥ ॥ 4 ॥
ṛṣibhiḥ vasiṣṭhādibhiḥ bahudhā bahuprakāraṁ gītaṁ kathitam ।
chandobhiḥ chandāṁsi ṛgādīni taiḥ chandobhiḥ vividhaiḥ nānābhāvaiḥ nānāprakāraiḥ pṛthak vivekataḥ gītam ।
kiñca,
brahmasūtrapadaiśca eva brahmaṇaḥ sūcakāni vākyāni brahmasūtrāṇi taiḥ padyate gamyate jñāyate iti tāni padāni ucyante taireva ca kṣetrakṣetrajñayāthātmyam ‘
gītam’
iti anuvartate ।
‘ātmetyevopāsīta’ (bṛ. u. 1 । 4 । 7) ityevamādibhiḥ brahmasūtrapadaiḥ ātmā jñāyate,
hetumadbhiḥ yuktiyuktaiḥ viniścitaiḥ niḥsaṁśayarūpaiḥ niścitapratyayotpādakaiḥ ityarthaḥ ॥ 4 ॥
stutyā abhimukhībhūtāya arjunāya āha bhagavān —
mahābhūtānyahaṅkāro buddhiravyaktameva ca ।
indriyāṇi daśaikaṁ ca pañca cendriyagocarāḥ ॥ 5 ॥
mahābhūtāni mahānti ca tāni sarvavikāravyāpakatvāt bhūtāni ca sūkṣmāṇi ।
sthūlāni tu indriyagocaraśabdena abhidhāyiṣyante ahaṅkāraḥ mahābhūtakāraṇam ahaṁpratyayalakṣaṇaḥ ।
ahaṅkārakāraṇaṁ buddhiḥ adhyavasāyalakṣaṇā ।
tatkāraṇam avyaktameva ca,
na vyaktam avyaktam avyākṛtam īśvaraśaktiḥ ‘mama māyā duratyayā’ (bha. gī. 7 । 14) ityuktam ।
evaśabdaḥ prakṛtyavadhāraṇārthaḥ etāvatyeva aṣṭadhā bhinnā prakṛtiḥ ।
ca -
śabdaḥ bhedasamuccayārthaḥ ।
indriyāṇi daśa,
śrotrādīni pañca buddhyutpādakatvāt buddhīndriyāṇi,
vākpāṇyādīni pañca karmanivartakatvāt karmendriyāṇi ;
tāni daśa ।
ekaṁ ca ;
kiṁ tat ?
manaḥ ekādaśaṁ saṅkalpādyātmakam ।
pañca ca indriyagocarāḥ śabdādayo viṣayāḥ ।
tāni etāni sāṅkhyāḥ caturviṁśatitattvāni ācakṣate ॥ 5 ॥
atha idānīm ātmaguṇā iti yānācakṣate vaiśeṣikāḥ tepi kṣetradharmā eva na tu kṣetrajñasya ityāha bhagavān -
icchā dveṣaḥ sukhaṁ duḥkhaṁ saṅghātaścetanā dhṛtiḥ ।
etatkṣetraṁ samāsena savikāramudāhṛtam ॥ 6 ॥
icchā,
yajjātīyaṁ sukhahetumartham upalabdhavān pūrvam ,
punaḥ tajjātīyamupalabhamānaḥ tamādātumicchati sukhaheturiti ;
sā iyaṁ icchā antaḥkaraṇadharmaḥ jñeyatvāt kṣetram ।
tathā dveṣaḥ,
yajjātīyamarthaṁ duḥkhahetutvena anubhūtavān ,
punaḥ tajjātīyamarthamupalabhamānaḥ taṁ dveṣṭi ;
so'yaṁ dveṣaḥ jñeyatvāt kṣetrameva ।
tathā sukham anukūlaṁ prasannasattvātmakaṁ jñeyatvāt kṣetrameva ।
duḥkhaṁ pratikūlātmakam ;
jñeyatvāt tadapi kṣetram ।
saṅghātaḥ dehendriyāṇāṁ saṁhatiḥ ।
tasyāmabhivyaktāntaḥkaraṇavṛttiḥ,
tapta iva lohapiṇḍe agniḥ ātmacaitanyābhāsarasaviddhā cetanā ;
sā ca kṣetraṁ jñeyatvāt ।
dhṛtiḥ yayā avasādaprāptāni dehendriyāṇi dhriyante ;
sā ca jñeyatvāt kṣetram ।
sarvāntaḥkaraṇadharmopalakṣaṇārtham icchādigrahaṇam ।
yata uktamupasaṁharati —
etat kṣetraṁ samāsena savikāraṁ saha vikāreṇa mahadādinā udāhṛtam uktam yasya kṣetrabhedajātasya saṁhatiḥ ‘idaṁ śarīraṁ kṣetram’ (bha. gī. 13 । 1) iti uktam ,
tat kṣetraṁ vyākhyātaṁ mahābhūtādibhedabhinnaṁ dhṛtyantam । ॥ 6 ॥
kṣetrajñaḥ vakṣyamāṇaviśeṣaṇaḥ —
yasya saprabhāvasya kṣetrajñasya parijñānāt amṛtatvaṁ bhavati,
tam ‘jñeyaṁ yattatpravakṣyāmi’ (bha. gī. 13 । 12) ityādinā saviśeṣaṇaṁ svayameva vakṣyati bhagavān ।
adhunā tu tajjñānasādhanagaṇamamānitvādilakṣaṇam ,
yasmin sati tajjñeyavijñāne yogyaḥ adhikṛtaḥ bhavati,
yatparaḥ saṁnyāsī jñānaniṣṭhaḥ ucyate,
tam amānitvādigaṇaṁ jñānasādhanatvāt jñānaśabdavācyaṁ vidadhāti bhagavān —
amānitvamadambhitvamahiṁsā kṣāntirārjavam ।
ācāryopāsanaṁ śaucaṁ sthairyamātmavinigrahaḥ ॥ 7 ॥
amānitvaṁ māninaḥ bhāvaḥ mānitvamātmanaḥ ślāghanam , tadabhāvaḥ amānitvam । adambhitvaṁ svadharmaprakaṭīkaraṇaṁ dambhitvam , tadabhāvaḥ adambhitvam । ahiṁsā ahiṁsanaṁ prāṇināmapīḍanam । kṣāntiḥ parāparādhaprāptau avikriyā । ārjavam ṛjubhāvaḥ avakratvam । ācāryopāsanaṁ mokṣasādhanopadeṣṭuḥ ācāryasya śuśrūṣādiprayogeṇa sevanam । śaucaṁ kāyamalānāṁ mṛjjalābhyāṁ prakṣālanam ; antaśca manasaḥ pratipakṣabhāvanayā rāgādimalānāmapanayanaṁ śaucam । sthairyaṁ sthirabhāvaḥ, mokṣamārge eva kṛtādhyavasāyatvam । ātmavinigrahaḥ ātmanaḥ apakārakasya ātmaśabdavācyasya kāryakaraṇasaṅghātasya vinigrahaḥ svabhāvena sarvataḥ pravṛttasya sanmārge eva nirodhaḥ ātmavinigrahaḥ ॥ 7 ॥
kiñca —
indriyārtheṣu vairāgyamanahaṅkāra eva ca ।
janmamṛtyujarāvyādhiduḥkhadoṣānudarśanam ॥ 8 ॥
indriyārtheṣu śabdādiṣu dṛṣṭādṛṣṭeṣu bhogeṣu virāgabhāvo vairāgyam anahaṅkāraḥ ahaṅkārābhāvaḥ eva ca janmamṛtyujarāvyādhiduḥkhadoṣānudarśanaṁ janma ca mṛtyuśca jarā ca vyādhayaśca duḥkhāni ca teṣu janmādiduḥkhānteṣu pratyekaṁ doṣānudarśanam । janmani garbhavāsayonidvāraniḥsaraṇaṁ doṣaḥ, tasya anudarśanamālocanam । tathā mṛtyau doṣānudarśanam । tathā jarāyāṁ prajñāśaktitejonirodhadoṣānudarśanaṁ paribhūtatā ceti । tathā
vyādhiṣu śirorogādiṣu doṣānudarśanam । tathā duḥkheṣu adhyātmādhibhūtādhidaivanimitteṣu । athavā duḥkhānyeva doṣaḥ duḥkhadoṣaḥ tasya janmādiṣu pūrvavat anudarśanam — duḥkhaṁ janma, duḥkhaṁ mṛtyuḥ, duḥkhaṁ jarā, duḥkhaṁ vyādhayaḥ । duḥkhanimittatvāt janmādayaḥ duḥkham , na punaḥ svarūpeṇaiva duḥkhamiti । evaṁ janmādiṣu duḥkhadoṣānudarśanāt dehendriyādiviṣayabhogeṣu vairāgyamupajāyate । tataḥ pratyagātmani pravṛttiḥ karaṇānāmātmadarśanāya । evaṁ jñānahetutvāt jñānamucyate janmādiduḥkhadoṣānudarśanam ॥ 8 ॥
kiñca —
asaktiranabhiṣvaṅgaḥ putradāragṛhādiṣu ।
nityaṁ ca samacittatvamiṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu ॥ 9 ॥
asaktiḥ saktiḥ saṅganimitteṣu viṣayeṣu prītimātram , tadabhāvaḥ asaktiḥ । anabhiṣvaṅgaḥ abhiṣvaṅgābhāvaḥ । abhiṣvaṅgo nāma āsaktiviśeṣa eva ananyātmabhāvanālakṣaṇaḥ ; yathā anyasmin sukhini duḥkhini vā ‘ahameva sukhī, duḥkhī ca, ’ jīvati mṛte vā ‘ahameva jīvāmi mariṣyāmi ca’ iti । kva iti āha — putradāragṛhādiṣu, putreṣu dāreṣu gṛheṣu ādigrahaṇāt anyeṣvapi atyanteṣṭeṣu dāsavargādiṣu । tacca ubhayaṁ jñānārthatvāt jñānamucyate । nityaṁ ca samacittatvaṁ tulyacittatā । kva ? iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu iṣṭānāmaniṣṭānāṁ ca upapattayaḥ samprāptayaḥ tāsu iṣṭāniṣṭopapattiṣu nityameva tulyacittatā । iṣṭopapattiṣu na hṛṣyati, na kupyati ca aniṣṭopapattiṣu । tacca etat nityaṁ samacittatvaṁ jñānam ॥ 9 ॥
kiñca —
mayi cānanyayogena bhaktiravyabhicāriṇī ।
viviktadeśasevitvamaratirjanasaṁsadi ॥ 10 ॥
mayi ca īśvare ananyayogena apṛthaksamādhinā ‘na anyo bhagavato vāsudevāt paraḥ asti, ataḥ sa eva naḥ gatiḥ’ ityevaṁ niścitā avyabhicāriṇī buddhiḥ ananyayogaḥ, tena bhajanaṁ bhaktiḥ na vyabhicaraṇaśīlā avyabhicāriṇī । sā ca jñānam । viviktadeśasevitvam , viviktaḥ svabhāvataḥ saṁskāreṇa vā aśucyādibhiḥ sarpavyāghrādibhiśca rahitaḥ araṇyanadīpulinadevagṛhādibhirvivikto deśaḥ, taṁ sevituṁ śīlamasya iti viviktadeśasevī, tadbhāvaḥ viviktadeśasevitvam । vivikteṣu hi deśeṣu cittaṁ prasīdati yataḥ tataḥ ātmādibhāvanā vivikte upajāyate । ataḥ viviktadeśasevitvaṁ jñānamucyate । aratiḥ aramaṇaṁ janasaṁsadi, janānāṁ prākṛtānāṁ saṁskāraśūnyānām avinītānāṁ saṁsat samavāyaḥ janasaṁsat ; na saṁskāravatāṁ vinītānāṁ saṁsat ; tasyāḥ jñānopakārakatvāt । ataḥ prākṛtajanasaṁsadi aratiḥ jñānārthatvāt jñānam ॥ 10 ॥
kiñca —
adhyātmajñānanityatvaṁ tattvajñānārthadarśanam ।
etajjñānamiti proktamajñānaṁ yadato'nyathā ॥ 11 ॥
adhyātmajñānanityatvam ātmādiviṣayaṁ jñānam adhyātmajñānam , tasmin nityabhāvaḥ nityatvam । amānitvādīnāṁ jñānasādhanānāṁ bhāvanāparipākanimittaṁ tattvajñānam , tasya arthaḥ mokṣaḥ saṁsāroparamaḥ ; tasya ālocanaṁ tattvajñānārthadarśanam ; tattvajñānaphalālocane hi tatsādhanānuṣṭhāne pravṛttiḥ syāditi । etat amānitvāditattvajñānārthadarśanāntamuktaṁ jñānam iti proktaṁ jñānārthatvāt । ajñānaṁ yat ataḥ asmāt yathoktāt anyathā viparyayeṇa । mānitvaṁ dambhitvaṁ hiṁsā akṣāntiḥ anārjavam ityādi ajñānaṁ vijñeyaṁ pariharaṇāya, saṁsārapravṛttikāraṇatvāt iti ॥ 11 ॥
yathoktena jñānena jñātavyaṁ kim ityākāṅkṣāyāmāha — ‘jñeyaṁ yattat’ ityādi । nanu yamāḥ niyamāśca amānitvādayaḥ । na taiḥ jñeyaṁ jñāyate । na hi amānitvādi kasyacit vastunaḥ paricchedakaṁ dṛṣṭam । sarvatraiva ca yadviṣayaṁ jñānaṁ tadeva tasya jñeyasya paricchedakaṁ dṛśyate । na hi anyaviṣayeṇa jñānena anyat upalabhyate, yathā ghaṭaviṣayeṇa jñānena agniḥ । naiṣa doṣaḥ, jñānanimittatvāt jñānamucyate iti hi avocāma ; jñānasahakārikāraṇatvācca —
jñeyaṁ yattatpravakṣyāmi yajjñātvāmṛtamaśnute ।
anādimatparaṁ brahma na sattannāsaducyate ॥ 12 ॥
jñeyaṁ jñātavyaṁ yat tat pravakṣyāmi prakarṣeṇa yathāvat vakṣyāmi । kimphalaṁ tat iti prarocanena śrotuḥ abhimukhīkaraṇāya āha — yat jñeyaṁ jñātvā amṛtam amṛtatvam aśnute, na punaḥ mriyate ityarthaḥ । anādimat ādiḥ asya astīti ādimat , na ādimat anādimat ; kiṁ tat ? paraṁ niratiśayaṁ brahma, ‘jñeyam’ iti prakṛtam ॥
atra kecit ‘anādi matparam’ iti padaṁ chindanti, bahuvrīhiṇā ukte arthe matupaḥ ānarthakyam aniṣṭaṁ syāt iti । arthaviśeṣaṁ ca darśayanti — ahaṁ vāsudevākhyā parā śaktiḥ yasya tat matparam iti । satyamevamapunaruktaṁ syāt , arthaḥ cet sambhavati । na tu arthaḥ sambhavati, brahmaṇaḥ sarvaviśeṣapratiṣedhenaiva vijijñāpayiṣitatvāt ‘na sattannāsaducyate’ iti । viśiṣṭaśaktimattvapradarśanaṁ viśeṣapratiṣedhaśca iti vipratiṣiddham । tasmāt matupaḥ bahuvrīhiṇā samānārthatve'pi prayogaḥ ślokapūraṇārthaḥ ॥
amṛtatvaphalaṁ jñeyaṁ mayā ucyate iti prarocanena abhimukhīkṛtya āha — na sat tat jñeyamucyate iti na api asat tat ucyate ॥
nanu mahatā parikarabandhena kaṇṭharaveṇa udghuṣya ‘
jñeyaṁ pravakṣyāmi’
iti,
ananurūpamuktaṁ ‘
na sattannāsaducyate’
iti ।
na,
anurūpameva uktam ।
katham ?
sarvāsu hi upaniṣatsu jñeyaṁ brahma ‘neti neti’ (bṛ. u. 2 । 3 । 6) ‘asthūlamanaṇu’ (bṛ. u. 3 । 8 । 8) ityādiviśeṣapratiṣedhenaiva nirdiśyate,
na ‘
idaṁ tat’
iti,
vācaḥ agocaratvāt ॥
nanu na tadasti, yadvastu astiśabdena nocyate । atha astiśabdena nocyate, nāsti tat jñeyam । vipratiṣiddhaṁ ca — ‘jñeyaṁ tat , ’ ‘astiśabdena nocyate’ iti ca । na tāvannāsti, nāstibuddhyaviṣayatvāt ॥
nanu sarvāḥ buddhayaḥ astināstibuddhyanugatāḥ eva । tatra evaṁ sati jñeyamapi astibuddhyanugatapratyayaviṣayaṁ vā syāt , nāstibuddhyanugatapratyayaviṣayaṁ vā syāt । na, atīndriyatvena ubhayabuddhyanugatapratyayāviṣayatvāt । yaddhi indriyagamyaṁ vastu ghaṭādikam , tat astibuddhyanugatapratyayaviṣayaṁ vā syāt , nāstibuddhyanugatapratyayaviṣayaṁ vā syāt । idaṁ tu jñeyam atīndriyatvena śabdaikapramāṇagamyatvāt na ghaṭādivat ubhayabuddhyanugatapratyayaviṣayam ityataḥ ‘na sattannāsat’ iti ucyate ॥
yattu uktam —
viruddhamucyate, ‘
jñeyaṁ tat’ ‘
na sattannāsaducyate’
iti —
na viruddham ,
‘anyadeva tadviditādatho aviditādadhi’ (ke. u. 1 । 4) iti śruteḥ ।
śrutirapi viruddhārthā iti cet —
yathā yajñāya śālāmārabhya ‘yadyamuṣmiṁlloke'sti vā na veti’ (tai. saṁ. 6 । 1 । 1 । 1) ityevamiti cet ,
na ;
viditāviditābhyāmanyatvaśruteḥ avaśyavijñeyārthapratipādanaparatvāt ‘
yadyamuṣmin’
ityādi tu vidhiśeṣaḥ arthavādaḥ ।
upapatteśca sadasadādiśabdaiḥ brahma nocyate iti ।
sarvo hi śabdaḥ arthaprakāśanāya prayuktaḥ,
śrūyamāṇaśca śrotṛbhiḥ,
jātikriyāguṇasambandhadvāreṇa saṅketagrahaṇasavyapekṣaḥ arthaṁ pratyāyayati ;
na anyathā,
adṛṣṭatvāt ।
tat yathā — ‘
gauḥ’ ‘
aśvaḥ’
iti vā jātitaḥ, ‘
pacati’ ‘
paṭhati’
iti vā kriyātaḥ, ‘
śuklaḥ’ ‘
kṛṣṇaḥ’
iti vā guṇataḥ, ‘
dhanī’ ‘
gomān’
iti vā sambandhataḥ ।
na tu brahma jātimat ,
ataḥ na sadādiśabdavācyam ।
nāpi guṇavat ,
yena guṇaśabdena ucyeta,
nirguṇatvāt ।
nāpi kriyāśabdavācyaṁ niṣkriyatvāt ‘niṣkalaṁ niṣkriyaṁ śāntam’ (śve. u. 6 । 19) iti śruteḥ ।
na ca sambandhī,
ekatvāt ।
advayatvāt aviṣayatvāt ātmatvācca na kenacit śabdena ucyate iti yuktam ;
‘yato vāco nivartante’ (tai. u. 2 । 9 । 1) ityādiśrutibhiśca ॥ 12 ॥
sacchabdapratyayāviṣayatvāt asattvāśaṅkāyāṁ jñeyasya sarvaprāṇikaraṇopādhidvāreṇa tadastitvaṁ pratipādayan tadāśaṅkānivṛttyarthamāha —
sarvataḥpāṇipādaṁ tatsarvatokṣiśiromukham ।
sarvataḥśrutimalloke sarvamāvṛtya tiṣṭhati ॥ 13 ॥
sarvataḥpāṇipādaṁ sarvataḥ pāṇayaḥ pādāśca asya iti sarvataḥpāṇipādaṁ tat jñeyam । sarvaprāṇikaraṇopādhibhiḥ kṣetrajñasya astitvaṁ vibhāvyate । kṣetrajñaśca kṣetropādhitaḥ ucyate । kṣetraṁ ca pāṇipādādibhiḥ anekadhā bhinnam । kṣetropādhibhedakṛtaṁ viśeṣajātaṁ mithyaiva kṣetrajñasya, iti tadapanayanena jñeyatvamuktam ‘na sattannāsaducyate’ iti । upādhikṛtaṁ mithyārūpamapi astitvādhigamāya jñeyadharmavat parikalpya ucyate ‘sarvataḥpāṇipādam’ ityādi । tathā hi sampradāyavidāṁ vacanam — ‘adhyāropāpavādābhyāṁ niṣprapañcaṁ prapañcyate’ ( ? ) iti । sarvatra sarvadehāvayavatvena gamyamānāḥ pāṇipādādayaḥ jñeyaśaktisadbhāvanimittasvakāryāḥ iti jñeyasadbhāve liṅgāni ‘jñeyasya’ iti upacārataḥ ucyante । tathā vyākhyeyam anyat । sarvataḥpāṇipādaṁ tat jñeyam । sarvatokṣiśiromukhaṁ sarvataḥ akṣīṇi śirāṁsi mukhāni ca yasya tat sarvatokṣiśiromukham ; sarvataḥśrutimat śrutiḥ śravaṇendriyam , tat yasya tat śrutimat , loke prāṇinikāye, sarvam āvṛtya saṁvyāpya tiṣṭhati sthitiṁ labhate ॥ 13 ॥
upādhibhūtapāṇipādādīndriyādhyāropaṇāt jñeyasya tadvattāśaṅkā mā bhūt ityevamarthaḥ ślokārambhaḥ —
sarvendriyaguṇābhāsaṁ sarvendriyavivarjitam ।
asaktaṁ sarvabhṛccaiva nirguṇaṁ guṇabhoktṛ ca ॥ 14 ॥
sarvendriyaguṇābhāsaṁ sarvāṇi ca tāni indriyāṇi śrotrādīni buddhīndriyakarmendriyākhyāni,
antaḥkaraṇe ca buddhimanasī,
jñeyopādhitvasya tulyatvāt ,
sarvendriyagrahaṇena gṛhyante ।
api ca,
antaḥkaraṇopādhidvāreṇaiva śrotrādīnāmapi upādhitvam ityataḥ antaḥkaraṇabahiṣkaraṇopādhibhūtaiḥ sarvendriyaguṇaiḥ adhyavasāyasaṅkalpaśravaṇavacanādibhiḥ avabhāsate iti sarvendriyaguṇābhāsaṁ sarvendriyavyāpāraiḥ vyāpṛtamiva tat jñeyam ityarthaḥ ;
‘dhyāyatīva lelāyatīva’ (bṛ. u. 4 । 3 । 7) iti śruteḥ ।
kasmāt punaḥ kāraṇāt na vyāpṛtameveti gṛhyate ityataḥ āha —
sarvendriyavivarjitam ,
sarvakaraṇarahitamityarthaḥ ।
ataḥ na karaṇavyāpāraiḥ vyāpṛtaṁ tat jñeyam ।
yastu ayaṁ mantraḥ —
‘apāṇipādo javano grahītā paśyatyacakṣuḥ sa śṛṇotyakarṇaḥ’ (śve. u. 3 । 19) ityādiḥ,
sa sarvendriyopādhiguṇānuguṇyabhajanaśaktimat tat jñeyam ityevaṁ pradarśanārthaḥ,
na tu sākṣādeva javanādikriyāvattvapradarśanārthaḥ ।
‘andho maṇimavindat’ (tai. ā. 1 । 11) ityādimantrārthavat tasya mantrasya arthaḥ ।
yasmāt sarvakaraṇavarjitaṁ jñeyam ,
tasmāt asaktaṁ sarvasaṁśleṣavarjitam ।
yadyapi evam ,
tathāpi sarvabhṛcca eva ।
sadāspadaṁ hi sarvaṁ sarvatra sadbuddhyanugamāt ।
na hi mṛgatṛṣṇikādayo'pi nirāspadāḥ bhavanti ।
ataḥ sarvabhṛt sarvaṁ bibharti iti ।
syāt idaṁ ca anyat jñeyasya sattvādhigamadvāram —
nirguṇaṁ sattvarajastamāṁsi guṇāḥ taiḥ varjitaṁ tat jñeyam ,
tathāpi guṇabhoktṛ ca guṇānāṁ sattvarajastamasāṁ śabdādidvāreṇa sukhaduḥkhamohākārapariṇatānāṁ bhoktṛ ca upalabdhṛ ca tat jñeyam ityarthaḥ ॥ 14 ॥
kiñca —
bahirantaśca bhūtānāmacaraṁ carameva ca ।
sūkṣmatvāttadavijñeyaṁ dūrasthaṁ cāntike ca tat ॥ 15 ॥
bahiḥ tvakparyantaṁ deham ātmatvena avidyākalpitam apekṣya tameva avadhiṁ kṛtvā bahiḥ ucyate ।
tathā pratyagātmānamapekṣya dehameva avadhiṁ kṛtvā antaḥ ucyate । ‘
bahirantaśca’
ityukte madhye abhāve prāpte,
idamucyate —
acaraṁ carameva ca,
yat carācaraṁ dehābhāsamapi tadeva jñeyaṁ yathā rajjusarpābhāsaḥ ।
yadi acaraṁ carameva ca syāt vyavahāraviṣayaṁ sarvaṁ jñeyam ,
kimartham ‘
idam’
iti sarvaiḥ na vijñeyam iti ?
ucyate —
satyaṁ sarvābhāsaṁ tat ;
tathāpi vyomavat sūkṣmam ।
ataḥ sūkṣmatvāt svena rūpeṇa tat jñeyamapi avijñeyam aviduṣām ।
viduṣāṁ tu,
‘ātmaivedaṁ sarvam’ (chā. u. 7 । 25 । 2) ‘
brahmaivedaṁ sarvam’
ityādipramāṇataḥ nityaṁ vijñātam ।
avijñātatayā dūrasthaṁ varṣasahasrakoṭyāpi aviduṣām aprāpyatvāt ।
antike ca tat ,
ātmatvāt viduṣām ॥ 15 ॥
kiñca —
avibhaktaṁ ca bhūteṣu vibhaktamiva ca sthitam ।
bhūtabhartṛ ca tajjñeyaṁ grasiṣṇu prabhaviṣṇu ca ॥ 16 ॥
avibhaktaṁ ca pratidehaṁ vyomavat tadekam । bhūteṣu sarvaprāṇiṣu vibhaktamiva ca sthitaṁ deheṣveva vibhāvyamānatvāt । bhūtabhartṛ ca bhūtāni bibhartīti tat jñeyaṁ bhūtabhartṛ ca sthitikāle । pralayakāle gṛsiṣṇu grasanaśīlam । utpattikāle prabhaviṣṇu ca prabhavanaśīlaṁ yathā rajjvādiḥ sarpādeḥ mithyākalpitasya ॥ 16 ॥
kiñca, sarvatra vidyamānamapi sat na upalabhyate cet , jñeyaṁ tamaḥ tarhi ? na । kiṁ tarhi ? —
jyotiṣāmapi tajjyotistamasaḥ paramucyate ।
jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ jñānagamyaṁ hṛdi sarvasya viṣṭhitam ॥ 17 ॥
jyotiṣām ādityādīnāmapi tat jñeyaṁ jyotiḥ ।
ātmacaitanyajyotiṣā iddhāni hi ādityādīni jyotīṁṣi dīpyante,
‘yena sūryastapati tejaseddhaḥ’ (tai. brā. 3 । 12 । 9) ‘tasya bhāsā sarvamidaṁ vibhāti’ (mu. u. 2 । 2 । 11) ityādiśrutibhyaḥ ;
smṛteśca ihaiva —
‘yadādityagataṁ tejaḥ’ (bha. gī. 15 । 12) ityādeḥ ।
tamasaḥ ajñānāt param aspṛṣṭam ucyate ।
jñānādeḥ duḥsampādanabuddhyā prāptāvasādasya uttambhanārthamāha —
jñānam amānitvādi ;
jñeyam ‘jñeyaṁ yat tat pravakṣyāmi’ (bha. gī. 13 । 12) ityādinā uktam ;
jñānagamyam jñeyameva jñātaṁ sat jñānaphalamiti jñānagamyamucyate ;
jñāyamānaṁ tu jñeyam ।
tat etat trayamapi hṛdi buddhau sarvasya prāṇijātasya viṣṭhitaṁ viśeṣeṇa sthitam ।
tatraiva hi trayaṁ vibhāvyate ॥ 17 ॥
yathoktārthopasaṁhārārthaḥ ayaṁ ślokaḥ ārabhyate —
iti kṣetraṁ tathā jñānaṁ jñeyaṁ coktaṁ samāsataḥ ।
madbhakta etadvijñāya madbhāvāyopapadyate ॥ 18 ॥
iti evaṁ kṣetraṁ mahābhūtādi dhṛtyantaṁ tathā jñānam amānitvādi tattvajñānārthadarśanaparyantaṁ jñeyaṁ ca ‘jñeyaṁ yat tat’ (bha. gī. 13 । 12) ityādi ‘tamasaḥ paramucyate’ (bha. gī. 13 । 17) ityevamantam uktaṁ samāsataḥ saṅkṣepataḥ ।
etāvān sarvaḥ hi vedārthaḥ gītārthaśca upasaṁhṛtya uktaḥ ।
asmin samyagdarśane kaḥ adhikriyate iti ucyate —
madbhaktaḥ mayi īśvare sarvajñe paramagurau vāsudeve samarpitasarvātmabhāvaḥ,
yat paśyati śṛṇoti spṛśati vā ‘
sarvameva bhagavān vāsudevaḥ’
ityevaṁgrahāviṣṭabuddhiḥ madbhaktaḥ sa etat yathoktaṁ samyagdarśanaṁ vijñāya,
madbhāvāya mama bhāvaḥ madbhāvaḥ paramātmabhāvaḥ tasmai madbhāvāya upapadyate mokṣaṁ gacchati ॥ 18 ॥
tatra saptame īśvarasya dve prakṛtī upanyaste,
parāpare kṣetrakṣetrajñalakṣaṇe ;
‘etadyonīni bhūtāni’ (bha. gī. 7 । 6) iti ca uktam ।
kṣetrakṣetrajñaprakṛtidvayayonitvaṁ kathaṁ bhūtānāmiti ayamarthaḥ adhunā ucyate —
prakṛtiṁ puruṣaṁ caiva viddhyanādī ubhāvapi ।
vikārāṁśca guṇāṁścaiva viddhi prakṛtisambhavān ॥ 19 ॥
prakṛtiṁ puruṣaṁ caiva īśvarasya prakṛtī tau prakṛtipuruṣau ubhāvapi anādī viddhi, na vidyate ādiḥ yayoḥ tau anādī । nityeśvaratvāt īśvarasya tatprakṛtyorapi yuktaṁ nityatvena bhavitum । prakṛtidvayavattvameva hi īśvarasya īśvaratvam । yābhyāṁ prakṛtibhyām īśvaraḥ jagadutpattisthitipralayahetuḥ, te dve anādī satyau saṁsārasya kāraṇam ॥
na ādī anādī iti tatpuruṣasamāsaṁ kecit varṇayanti । tena hi kila īśvarasya kāraṇatvaṁ sidhyati । yadi punaḥ prakṛtipuruṣāveva nityau syātāṁ tatkṛtameva jagat na īśvarasya jagataḥ kartṛtvam । tat asat ; prāk prakṛtipuruṣayoḥ utpatteḥ īśitavyābhāvāt īśvarasya anīśvaratvaprasaṅgāt , saṁsārasya nirnimittatve anirmokṣaprasaṅgāt śāstrānarthakyaprasaṅgāt bandhamokṣābhāvaprasaṅgācca । nityatve punaḥ īśvarasya prakṛtyoḥ sarvametat upapannaṁ bhavet । katham ?
vikārāṁśca guṇāṁścaiva vakṣyamāṇānvikārān buddhyādidehendriyāntān guṇāṁśca sukhaduḥkhamohapratyayākārapariṇatān viddhi jānīhi prakṛtisambhavān , prakṛtiḥ īśvarasya vikārakāraṇaśaktiḥ triguṇātmikā māyā, sā sambhavo yeṣāṁ vikārāṇāṁ guṇānāṁ ca tān vikārān guṇāṁśca viddhi prakṛtisambhavān prakṛtipariṇāmān ॥ 19 ॥
ke punaḥ te vikārāḥ guṇāśca prakṛtisambhavāḥ —
kāryakaraṇakartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtirucyate ।
puruṣaḥ sukhaduḥkhānāṁ bhoktṛtve heturucyate ॥ 20 ॥
kāryakaraṇakartṛtve — kāryaṁ śarīraṁ karaṇāni tatsthāni trayodaśa । dehasyārambhakāṇi bhūtāni pañca viṣayāśca prakṛtisambhavāḥ vikārāḥ pūrvoktāḥ iha kāryagrahaṇena gṛhyante । guṇāśca prakṛtisambhavāḥ sukhaduḥkhamohātmakāḥ karaṇāśrayatvāt karaṇagrahaṇena gṛhyante । teṣāṁ kāryakaraṇānāṁ kartṛtvam utpādakatvaṁ yat tat kāryakaraṇakartṛtvaṁ tasmin kāryakaraṇakartṛtve hetuḥ kāraṇam ārambhakatvena prakṛtiḥ ucyate । evaṁ kāryakaraṇakartṛtvena saṁsārasya kāraṇaṁ prakṛtiḥ । kāryakāraṇakartṛtve ityasminnapi pāṭhe, kāryaṁ yat yasya pariṇāmaḥ tat tasya kāryaṁ vikāraḥ vikāri kāraṇaṁ tayoḥ vikāravikāriṇoḥ kāryakāraṇayoḥ kartṛtve iti । athavā, ṣoḍaśa vikārāḥ kāryaṁ sapta prakṛtivikṛtayaḥ kāraṇam tānyeva kāryakāraṇānyucyante teṣāṁ kartṛtve hetuḥ prakṛtiḥ ucyate, ārambhakatvenaiva । puruṣaśca saṁsārasya kāraṇaṁ yathā syāt tat ucyate — puruṣaḥ jīvaḥ kṣetrajñaḥ bhoktā iti paryāyaḥ, sukhaduḥkhānāṁ bhogyānāṁ bhoktṛtve upalabdhṛtve hetuḥ ucyate ॥
kathaṁ punaḥ anena kāryakaraṇakartṛtvena sukhaduḥkhabhoktṛtvena ca prakṛtipuruṣayoḥ saṁsārakāraṇatvamucyate iti, atra ucyate — kāryakaraṇasukhaduḥkharūpeṇa hetuphalātmanā prakṛteḥ pariṇāmābhāve, puruṣasya ca cetanasya asati tadupalabdhṛtve, kutaḥ saṁsāraḥ syāt ? yadā punaḥ kāryakaraṇasukhaduḥkhasvarūpeṇa hetuphalātmanā pariṇatayā prakṛtyā bhogyayā puruṣasya tadviparītasya bhoktṛtvena avidyārūpaḥ saṁyogaḥ syāt , tadā saṁsāraḥ syāt iti । ataḥ yat prakṛtipuruṣayoḥ kāryakaraṇakartṛtvena sukhaduḥkhabhoktṛtvena ca saṁsārakāraṇatvamuktam , tat yuktam । kaḥ punaḥ ayaṁ saṁsāro nāma ? sukhaduḥkhasambhogaḥ saṁsāraḥ । puruṣasya ca sukhaduḥkhānāṁ sambhoktṛtvaṁ saṁsāritvamiti ॥ 20 ॥
yat puruṣasya sukhaduḥkhānāṁ bhoktṛtvaṁ saṁsāritvam iti uktaṁ tasya tat kiṁnimittamiti ucyate —
puruṣaḥ prakṛtistho hi bhuṅkte prakṛtijānguṇān ।
kāraṇaṁ guṇasaṅgo'sya sadasadyonijanmasu ॥ 21 ॥
puruṣaḥ bhoktā prakṛtisthaḥ prakṛtau avidyālakṣaṇāyāṁ kāryakaraṇarūpeṇa pariṇatāyāṁ sthitaḥ prakṛtisthaḥ,
prakṛtimātmatvena gataḥ ityetat ,
hi yasmāt ,
tasmāt bhuṅkte upalabhate ityarthaḥ ।
prakṛtijān prakṛtitaḥ jātān sukhaduḥkhamohākārābhivyaktān guṇān ‘
sukhī,
duḥkhī,
mūḍhaḥ,
paṇḍitaḥ aham’
ityevam ।
satyāmapi avidyāyāṁ sukhaduḥkhamoheṣu guṇeṣu bhujyamāneṣu yaḥ saṅgaḥ ātmabhāvaḥ saṁsārasya saḥ pradhānaṁ kāraṇaṁ janmanaḥ,
‘saḥ yathākāmo bhavati tatkraturbhavati’ (bṛ. u. 4 । 4 । 5) ityādiśruteḥ ।
tadetat āha —
kāraṇaṁ hetuḥ guṇasaṅgaḥ guṇeṣu saṅgaḥ asya puruṣasya bhoktuḥ sadasadyonijanmasu,
satyaśca asatyaśca yonayaḥ sadasadyonayaḥ tāsu sadasadyoniṣu janmāni sadasadyonijanmāni,
teṣu sadasadyonijanmasu viṣayabhūteṣu kāraṇaṁ guṇasaṅgaḥ ।
athavā,
sadasadyonijanmasu asya saṁsārasya kāraṇaṁ guṇasaṅgaḥ iti saṁsārapadamadhyāhāryam ।
sadyonayaḥ devādiyonayaḥ ;
asadyonayaḥ paśvādiyonayaḥ ।
sāmarthyāt sadasadyonayaḥ manuṣyayonayo'pi aviruddhāḥ draṣṭavyāḥ ॥
etat uktaṁ bhavati —
prakṛtisthatvākhyā avidyā,
guṇeṣu ca saṅgaḥ kāmaḥ,
saṁsārasya kāraṇamiti ।
tacca parivarjanāya ucyate ।
asya ca nivṛttikāraṇaṁ jñānavairāgye sasaṁnyāse gītāśāstre prasiddham ।
tacca jñānaṁ purastāt upanyastaṁ kṣetrakṣetrajñaviṣayam ‘yajjñātvāmṛtamaśnute’ (bha. gī. 13 । 12) iti ।
uktaṁ ca anyāpohena ataddharmādhyāropeṇa ca ॥ 21 ॥
tasyaiva punaḥ sākṣāt nirdeśaḥ kriyate —
upadraṣṭānumantā ca bhartā bhoktā maheśvaraḥ ।
paramātmeti cāpyukto dehe'sminpuruṣaḥ paraḥ ॥ 22 ॥
upadraṣṭā samīpasthaḥ san draṣṭā svayam avyāpṛtaḥ ।
yathā ṛtvigyajamāneṣu yajñakarmavyāpṛteṣu taṭasthaḥ anyaḥ avyāpṛtaḥ yajñavidyākuśalaḥ ṛtvigyajamānavyāpāraguṇadoṣāṇām īkṣitā,
tadvacca kāryakaraṇavyāpāreṣu avyāpṛtaḥ anyaḥ tadvilakṣaṇaḥ teṣāṁ kāryakaraṇānāṁ savyāpārāṇāṁ sāmīpyena draṣṭā upadraṣṭā ।
athavā,
dehacakṣurmanobuddhyātmānaḥ draṣṭāraḥ,
teṣāṁ bāhyaḥ draṣṭā dehaḥ,
tataḥ ārabhya antaratamaśca pratyak samīpe ātmā draṣṭā,
yataḥ paraḥ antaratamaḥ nāsti draṣṭā ;
saḥ atiśayasāmīpyena draṣṭṛtvāt upadraṣṭā syāt ।
yajñopadraṣṭṛvadvā sarvaviṣayīkaraṇāt upadraṣṭā ।
anumantā ca,
anumodanam anumananaṁ kurvatsu tatkriyāsu paritoṣaḥ,
tatkartā anumantā ca ।
athavā,
anumantā,
kāryakaraṇapravṛttiṣu svayam apravṛtto'pi pravṛtta iva tadanukūlaḥ vibhāvyate,
tena anumantā ।
athavā,
pravṛttān svavyāpāreṣu tatsākṣibhūtaḥ kadācidapi na nivārayati iti anumantā ।
bhartā,
bharaṇaṁ nāma dehendriyamanobuddhīnāṁ saṁhatānāṁ caitanyātmapārārthyena nimittabhūtena caitanyābhāsānāṁ yat svarūpadhāraṇam ,
tat caitanyātmakṛtameva iti bhartā ātmā iti ucyate ।
bhoktā,
agnyuṣṇavat nityacaitanyasvarūpeṇa buddheḥ sukhaduḥkhamohātmakāḥ pratyayāḥ sarvaviṣayaviṣayāḥ caitanyātmagrastā iva jāyamānāḥ vibhaktāḥ vibhāvyante iti bhoktā ātmā ucyate ।
maheśvaraḥ,
sarvātmatvāt svatantratvācca mahān īśvaraśca iti maheśvaraḥ ।
paramātmā,
dehādīnāṁ buddhyantānāṁ pratyagātmatvena kalpitānām avidyayā paramaḥ upadraṣṭṛtvādilakṣaṇaḥ ātmā iti paramātmā ।
saḥ ataḥ ‘
paramātmā’
ityanena śabdena ca api uktaḥ kathitaḥ śrutau ।
kva asau ?
asmin dehe puruṣaḥ paraḥ avyaktāt ,
‘uttamaḥ puruṣastvanyaḥ paramātmetyudāhṛtaḥ’ (bha. gī. 15 । 17) iti yaḥ vakṣyamāṇaḥ‘kṣetrajñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi’ (bha. gī. 13 । 2) iti upanyastaḥ vyākhyāya upasaṁhṛtaśca ॥ 22 ॥
tametaṁ yathoktalakṣaṇam ātmānam —
ya evaṁ vetti puruṣaṁ prakṛtiṁ ca guṇaiḥ saha ।
sarvathā vartamāno'pi na sa bhūyo'bhijāyate ॥ 23 ॥
yaḥ evaṁ yathoktaprakāreṇa vetti puruṣaṁ sākṣāt ahamiti prakṛtiṁ ca yathoktām avidyālakṣaṇāṁ guṇaiḥ svavikāraiḥ saha nivartitām abhāvam āpāditāṁ vidyayā, sarvathā sarvaprakāreṇa vartamāno'pi saḥ bhūyaḥ punaḥ patite asmin vidvaccharīre dehāntarāya na abhijāyate na utpadyate, dehāntaraṁ na gṛhṇāti ityarthaḥ । apiśabdāt kimu vaktavyaṁ svavṛttastho na jāyate iti abhiprāyaḥ ॥
nanu,
yadyapi jñānotpattyanantaraṁ punarjanmābhāva uktaḥ,
tathāpi prāk jñānotpatteḥ kṛtānāṁ karmaṇām uttarakālabhāvināṁ ca,
yāni ca atikrāntānekajanmakṛtāni teṣāṁ ca,
phalamadattvā nāśo na yukta iti,
syuḥ trīṇi janmāni,
kṛtavipraṇāśo hi na yukta iti,
yathā phale pravṛttānām ārabdhajanmanāṁ karmaṇām ।
na ca karmaṇāṁ viśeṣaḥ avagamyate ।
tasmāt triprakārāṇyapi karmāṇi trīṇi janmāni ārabheran ;
saṁhatāni vā sarvāṇi ekaṁ janma ārabheran ।
anyathā kṛtavināśe sati sarvatra anāśvāsaprasaṅgaḥ,
śāstrānarthakyaṁ ca syāt ।
ityataḥ idamayuktamuktam ‘
na sa bhūyo'bhijāyate’
iti ।
na ;
‘kṣīyante cāsya karmāṇi’ (mu. u. 2 । 2 । 9) ‘brahma veda brahmaiva bhavati’ (mu. u. 3 । 2 । 9) ‘tasya tāvadeva ciram’ (chā. u. 6 । 14 । 2) ‘iṣīkātūlavat sarvāṇi karmāṇi pradūyante’ (chā. u. 5 । 24 । 3) ityādiśrutiśatebhyaḥ ukto viduṣaḥ sarvakarmadāhaḥ ।
ihāpi ca uktaḥ ‘yathaidhāṁsi’ (bha. gī. 4 । 37) ityādinā sarvakarmadāhaḥ,
vakṣyati ca ।
upapatteśca —
avidyākāmakleśabījanimittāni hi karmāṇi janmāntarāṅkuram ārabhante ;
ihāpi ca ‘
sāhaṅkārābhisandhīni karmāṇi phalārambhakāṇi,
na itarāṇi’
iti tatra tatra bhagavatā uktam ।
‘bījānyagnyupadagdhāni na rohanti yathā punaḥ । jñānadagdhaistathā kleśairnātmā sampadyate punaḥ’ (mo. 211 । 17) iti ca ।
astu tāvat jñānotpattyuttarakālakṛtānāṁ karmaṇāṁ jñānena dāhaḥ jñānasahabhāvitvāt ।
na tu iha janmani jñānotpatteḥ prāk kṛtānāṁ karmaṇāṁ atītajanmakṛtānāṁ ca dāhaḥ yuktaḥ ।
na ;
‘sarvakarmāṇi’ (bha. gī. 4 । 37) iti viśeṣaṇāt ।
jñānottarakālabhāvināmeva sarvakarmaṇām iti cet ,
na ;
saṅkoce kāraṇānupapatteḥ ।
yattu uktam ‘
yathā vartamānajanmārambhakāṇi karmāṇi na kṣīyante phaladānāya pravṛttānyeva satyapi jñāne,
tathā anārabdhaphalānāmapi karmaṇāṁ kṣayo na yuktaḥ’
iti,
tat asat ।
katham ?
teṣāṁ mukteṣuvat pravṛttaphalatvāt ।
yathā pūrvaṁ lakṣyavedhāya muktaḥ iṣuḥ dhanuṣaḥ lakṣyavedhottarakālamapi ārabdhavegakṣayāt patanenaiva nivartate,
evaṁ śarīrārambhakaṁ karma śarīrasthitiprayojane nivṛtte'pi,
ā saṁskāravegakṣayāt pūrvavat vartate eva ।
yathā sa eva iṣuḥ pravṛttinimittānārabdhavegastu amukto dhanuṣi prayukto'pi upasaṁhriyate,
tathā anārabdhaphalāni karmāṇi svāśrayasthānyeva jñānena nirbījīkriyante iti,
patite asmin vidvaccharīre ‘
na sa bhūyo'bhijāyate’
iti yuktameva uktamiti siddham ॥ 23 ॥
atra ātmadarśane upāyavikalpāḥ ime dhyānādayaḥ ucyante —
dhyānenātmani paśyanti kecidātmānamātmanā ।
anye sāṅkhyena yogena karmayogena cāpare ॥ 24 ॥
dhyānena, dhyānaṁ nāma śabdādibhyo viṣayebhyaḥ śrotrādīni karaṇāni manasi upasaṁhṛtya, manaśca pratyakcetayitari, ekāgratayā yat cintanaṁ tat dhyānam ; tathā, dhyāyatīva bakaḥ, dhyāyatīva pṛthivī, dhyāyantīva parvatāḥ iti upamopādānāt । tailadhārāvat santataḥ avicchinnapratyayo dhyānam ; tena dhyānena ātmani buddhau paśyanti ātmānaṁ pratyakcetanam ātmanā svenaiva pratyakcetanena dhyānasaṁskṛtena antaḥkaraṇena kecit yoginaḥ । anye sāṅkhyena yogena, sāṅkhyaṁ nāma ‘ime sattvarajastamāṁsi guṇāḥ mayā dṛśyā ahaṁ tebhyo'nyaḥ tadvyāpārasākṣibhūtaḥ nityaḥ guṇavilakṣaṇaḥ ātmā’ iti cintanam eṣaḥ sāṅkhyo yogaḥ, tena ‘paśyanti ātmānamātmanā’ iti vartate । karmayogena, karmaiva yogaḥ, īśvarārpaṇabuddhyā anuṣṭhīyamānaṁ ghaṭanarūpaṁ yogārthatvāt yogaḥ ucyate guṇataḥ ; tena sattvaśuddhijñānotpattidvāreṇa ca apare ॥ 24 ॥
anye tvevamajānantaḥ śrutvānyebhya upāsate ।
te'pi cātitarantyeva mṛtyuṁ śrutiparāyaṇāḥ ॥ 25 ॥
anye tu eṣu vikalpeṣu anyatamenāpi evaṁ yathoktam ātmānam ajānantaḥ anyebhyaḥ ācāryebhyaḥ śrutvā ‘idameva cintayata’ iti uktāḥ upāsate śraddadhānāḥ santaḥ cintayanti । te'pi ca atitarantyeva atikrāmantyeva mṛtyum , mṛtyuyuktaṁ saṁsāram ityetat । śrutiparāyaṇāḥ śrutiḥ śravaṇaṁ param ayanaṁ gamanaṁ mokṣamārgapravṛttau paraṁ sādhanaṁ yeṣāṁ te śrutiparāyaṇāḥ ; kevalaparopadeśapramāṇāḥ svayaṁ vivekarahitāḥ ityabhiprāyaḥ । kimu vaktavyam pramāṇaṁ prati svatantrāḥ vivekinaḥ mṛtyum atitaranti iti abhiprāyaḥ ॥ 25 ॥
yāvatsañjāyate kiñcitsattvaṁ sthāvarajaṅgamam ।
kṣetrakṣetrajñasaṁyogāttadviddhi bharatarṣabha ॥ 26 ॥
yāvat yat kiñcit sañjāyate samutpadyate sattvaṁ vastu ; kim aviśeṣeṇa ? netyāha — sthāvarajaṅgamaṁ sthāvaraṁ jaṅgamaṁ ca kṣetrakṣetrajñasaṁyogāt tat jāyate ityevaṁ viddhi jānīhi bharatarṣabha ॥
kaḥ punaḥ ayaṁ kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ saṁyogaḥ abhipretaḥ ?
na tāvat rajjveva ghaṭasya avayavasaṁśleṣadvārakaḥ sambandhaviśeṣaḥ saṁyogaḥ kṣetreṇa kṣetrajñasya sambhavati,
ākāśavat niravayavatvāt ।
nāpi samavāyalakṣaṇaḥ tantupaṭayoriva kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ itaretarakāryakāraṇabhāvānabhyupagamāt iti,
ucyate —
kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ viṣayaviṣayiṇoḥ bhinnasvabhāvayoḥ itaretarataddharmādhyāsalakṣaṇaḥ saṁyogaḥ kṣetrakṣetrajñasvarūpavivekābhāvanibandhanaḥ,
rajjuśuktikādīnāṁ tadvivekajñānābhāvāt adhyāropitasarparajatādisaṁyogavat ।
saḥ ayaṁ adhyāsasvarūpaḥ kṣetrakṣetrajñasaṁyogaḥ mithyājñānalakṣaṇaḥ ।
yathāśāstraṁ kṣetrakṣetrajñalakṣaṇabhedaparijñānapūrvakaṁ prāk darśitarūpāt kṣetrāt muñjādiva iṣīkāṁ yathoktalakṣaṇaṁ kṣetrajñaṁ pravibhajya ‘na sattannāsaducyate’ (bha. gī. 13 । 12) ityanena nirastasarvopādhiviśeṣaṁ jñeyaṁ brahmasvarūpeṇa yaḥ paśyati,
kṣetraṁ ca māyānirmitahastisvapnadṛṣṭavastugandharvanagarādivat ‘
asadeva sadiva avabhāsate’
iti evaṁ niścitavijñānaḥ yaḥ,
tasya yathoktasamyagdarśanavirodhāt apagacchati mithyājñānam ।
tasya janmahetoḥ apagamāt ‘ya evaṁ vetti puruṣaṁ prakṛtiṁ ca guṇaiḥ saha’ (bha. gī. 13 । 23) ityanena ‘
vidvān bhūyaḥ na abhijāyate’
iti yat uktam ,
tat upapannamuktam ॥ 26 ॥
‘na sa bhūyo'bhijāyate’ (bha. gī. 13 । 23) iti samyagdarśanaphalam avidyādisaṁsārabījanivṛttidvāreṇa janmābhāvaḥ uktaḥ ।
janmakāraṇaṁ ca avidyānimittakaḥ kṣetrakṣetrajñasaṁyogaḥ uktaḥ ;
ataḥ tasyāḥ avidyāyāḥ nivartakaṁ samyagdarśanam uktamapi punaḥ śabdāntareṇa ucyate —
samaṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu tiṣṭhantaṁ parameśvaram ।
vinaśyatsvavinaśyantaṁ yaḥ paśyati sa paśyati ॥ 27 ॥
samaṁ nirviśeṣaṁ tiṣṭhantaṁ sthitiṁ kurvantam ; kva ? sarveṣu samasteṣu bhūteṣu brahmādisthāvarānteṣu prāṇiṣu ; kam ? parameśvaraṁ dehendriyamanobuddhyavyaktātmanaḥ apekṣya parameśvaraḥ, taṁ sarveṣu bhūteṣu samaṁ tiṣṭhantam । tāni viśinaṣṭi vinaśyatsu iti, taṁ ca parameśvaram avinaśyantam iti, bhūtānāṁ parameśvarasya ca atyantavailakṣaṇyapradarśanārtham । katham ? sarveṣāṁ hi bhāvavikārāṇāṁ janilakṣaṇaḥ bhāvavikāro mūlam ; janmottarakālabhāvinaḥ anye sarve bhāvavikārāḥ vināśāntāḥ ; vināśāt paro na kaścit asti bhāvavikāraḥ, bhāvābhāvāt । sati hi dharmiṇi dharmāḥ bhavanti । ataḥ antyabhāvavikārābhāvānuvādena pūrvabhāvinaḥ sarve bhāvavikārāḥ pratiṣiddhāḥ bhavanti saha kāryaiḥ । tasmāt sarvabhūtaiḥ vailakṣaṇyam atyantameva parameśvarasya siddham , nirviśeṣatvam ekatvaṁ ca । yaḥ evaṁ yathoktaṁ parameśvaraṁ paśyati, saḥ paśyati ॥
nanu sarvo'pi lokaḥ paśyati, kiṁ viśeṣaṇena iti । satyaṁ paśyati ; kiṁ tu viparītaṁ paśyati । ataḥ viśinaṣṭi — sa eva paśyatīti । yathā timiradṛṣṭiḥ anekaṁ candraṁ paśyati, tamapekṣya ekacandradarśī viśiṣyate — sa eva paśyatīti ; tathā ihāpi ekam avibhaktaṁ yathoktaṁ ātmānaṁ yaḥ paśyati, saḥ vibhaktānekātmaviparītadarśibhyaḥ viśiṣyate — sa eva paśyatīti । itare paśyanto'pi na paśyanti, viparītadarśitvāt anekacandradarśivat ityarthaḥ ॥ 27 ॥
yathoktasya samyagdarśanasya phalavacanena stutiḥ kartavyā iti ślokaḥ ārabhyate —
samaṁ paśyanhi sarvatra
samavasthitamīśvaram ।
na hinastyātmanātmānaṁ
tato yāti parāṁ gatim ॥ 28 ॥
samaṁ paśyan upalabhamānaḥ hi yasmāt sarvatra sarvabhūteṣu samavasthitaṁ tulyatayā avasthitam īśvaram atītānantaraślokoktalakṣaṇamityarthaḥ । samaṁ paśyan kim ? na hinasti hiṁsāṁ na karoti ātmanā svenaiva svamātmānam । tataḥ tadahiṁsanāt yāti parāṁ prakṛṣṭāṁ gatiṁ mokṣākhyām ॥
nanu naiva kaścit prāṇī svayaṁ svam ātmānaṁ hinasti । katham ucyate aprāptam ‘na hinasti’ iti ? yathā ‘na pṛthivyāmagniścetavyo nāntarikṣe’ (tai. saṁ. 5 । 2 । 7) ityādi । naiṣa doṣaḥ, ajñānām ātmatiraskaraṇopapatteḥ । sarvo hi ajñaḥ atyantaprasiddhaṁ sākṣāt aparokṣāt ātmānaṁ tiraskṛtya anātmānam ātmatvena parigṛhya, tamapi dharmādharmau kṛtvā upāttam ātmānaṁ hatvā anyam ātmānam upādatte navaṁ taṁ caivaṁ hatvā anyamevaṁ tamapi hatvā anyam ityevam upāttamupāttam ātmānaṁ hanti, iti ātmahā sarvaḥ ajñaḥ । yastu paramārthātmā, asāvapi sarvadā avidyayā hata iva, vidyamānaphalābhāvāt , iti sarve ātmahanaḥ eva avidvāṁsaḥ । yastu itaraḥ yathoktātmadarśī, saḥ ubhayathāpi ātmanā ātmānaṁ na hinasti na hanti । tataḥ yāti parāṁ gatim yathoktaṁ phalaṁ tasya bhavati ityarthaḥ ॥ 28 ॥
sarvabhūtastham īśvaraṁ samaṁ paśyan ‘na hinasti ātmanā ātmānam’ iti uktam । tat anupapannaṁ svaguṇakarmavailakṣaṇyabhedabhinneṣu ātmasu, ityetat āśaṅkya āha —
prakṛtyaiva ca karmāṇi kriyamāṇāni sarvaśaḥ ।
yaḥ paśyati tathātmānamakartāraṁ sa paśyati ॥ 29 ॥
prakṛtyā prakṛtiḥ bhagavataḥ māyā triguṇātmikā,
‘māyāṁ tu prakṛtiṁ vidyāt’ (śve. u. 4 । 10) iti mantravarṇāt ,
tayā prakṛtyaiva ca na anyena mahadādikāryakāraṇākārapariṇatayā karmāṇi vāṅmanaḥkāyārabhyāṇi kriyamāṇāni nirvartyamānāni sarvaśaḥ sarvaprakāraiḥ yaḥ paśyati upalabhate,
tathā ātmānaṁ kṣetrajñam akartāraṁ sarvopādhivivarjitaṁ saḥ paśyati,
saḥ paramārthadarśī ityabhiprāyaḥ ;
nirguṇasya akartuḥ nirviśeṣasya ākāśasyeva bhede pramāṇānupapattiḥ ityarthaḥ ॥ 29 ॥
punarapi tadeva samyagdarśanaṁ śabdāntareṇa prapañcayati —
yadā bhūtapṛthagbhāvamekasthamanupaśyati ।
tata eva ca vistāraṁ brahma sampadyate tadā ॥ 30 ॥
ekasya ātmānaḥ sarvadehātmatve taddoṣasambandhe prāpte, idam ucyate —
anāditvānnirguṇatvātparamātmāyamavyayaḥ ।
śarīrastho'pi kaunteya na karoti na lipyate ॥ 31 ॥
anāditvāt anādeḥ bhāvaḥ anāditvam , ādiḥ kāraṇam , tat yasya nāsti tat ānādi । yaddhi ādimat tat svena ātmanā vyeti ; ayaṁ tu anāditvāt niravayava iti kṛtvā na vyeti । tathā nirguṇatvāt । saguṇo hi guṇavyayāt vyeti ; ayaṁ tu nirguṇatvācca na vyeti ; iti paramātmā ayam avyayaḥ ; na asya vyayo vidyate iti avyayaḥ । yata evamataḥ śarīrastho'pi, śarīreṣu ātmanaḥ upalabdhiḥ bhavatīti śarīrasthaḥ ucyate ; tathāpi na karoti । tadakaraṇādeva tatphalena na lipyate । yo hi kartā, saḥ karmaphalena lipyate । ayaṁ tu akartā, ataḥ na phalena lipyate ityarthaḥ ॥
kaḥ punaḥ deheṣu karoti lipyate ca ?
yadi tāvat anyaḥ paramātmano dehī karoti lipyate ca,
tataḥ idam anupapannam uktaṁ kṣetrajñeśvaraikatvam ‘kṣetrajñaṁ cāpi māṁ viddhi’ (bha. gī. 13 । 2) ityādi ।
atha nāsti īśvarādanyo dehī,
kaḥ karoti lipyate ca ?
iti vācyam ;
paro vā nāsti iti sarvathā durvijñeyaṁ durvācyaṁ ca iti bhagavatproktam aupaniṣadaṁ darśanaṁ parityaktaṁ vaiśeṣikaiḥ sāṅkhyārhatabauddhaiśca ।
tatra ayaṁ parihāro bhagavatā svenaiva uktaḥ ‘svabhāvastu pravartate’ (bha. gī. 5 । 14) iti ।
avidyāmātrasvabhāvo hi karoti lipyate iti vyavahāro bhavati,
na tu paramārthata ekasmin paramātmani tat asti ।
ataḥ etasmin paramārthasāṅkhyadarśane sthitānāṁ jñānaniṣṭhānāṁ paramahaṁsaparivrājakānāṁ tiraskṛtāvidyāvyavahārāṇāṁ karmādhikāro nāsti iti tatra tatra darśitaṁ bhagavatā ॥ 31 ॥
kimiva na karoti na lipyate iti atra dṛṣṭāntamāha —
yathā sarvagataṁ saukṣmyādākāśaṁ nopalipyate ।
sarvatrāvasthito dehe tathātmā nopalipyate ॥ 32 ॥
yathā sarvagataṁ vyāpi api sat saukṣmyāt sūkṣmabhāvāt ākāśaṁ khaṁ na upalipyate na sambadhyate, sarvatra avasthitaḥ dehe tathā ātmā na upalipyate ॥ 32 ॥
kiñca —
yathā prakāśayatyekaḥ kṛtsnaṁ lokamimaṁ raviḥ ।
kṣetraṁ kṣetrī tathā kṛtsnaṁ prakāśayati bhārata ॥ 33 ॥
yathā prakāśayati avabhāsayati ekaḥ kṛtsnaṁ lokam imaṁ raviḥ savitā ādityaḥ, tathā tadvat mahābhūtādi dhṛtyantaṁ kṣetram ekaḥ san prakāśayati । kaḥ ? kṣetrī paramātmā ityarthaḥ । ravidṛṣṭāntaḥ atra ātmanaḥ ubhayārtho'pi bhavati — ravivat sarvakṣetreṣu eka eva ātmā, alepakaśca iti ॥ 33 ॥
samastādhyāyārthopasaṁhārārthaḥ ayaṁ ślokaḥ —
kṣetrakṣetrajñayorevamantaraṁ jñānacakṣuṣā ।
bhūtaprakṛtimokṣaṁ ca ye viduryānti te param ॥ 34 ॥
kṣetrakṣetrajñayoḥ yathāvyākhyātayoḥ evaṁ yathāpradarśitaprakāreṇa antaram itaretaravailakṣaṇyaviśeṣaṁ jñānacakṣuṣā śāstrācāryaprasādopadeśajanitam ātmapratyayikaṁ jñānaṁ cakṣuḥ, tena jñānacakṣuṣā, bhūtaprakṛtimokṣaṁ ca, bhūtānāṁ prakṛtiḥ avidyālakṣaṇā avyaktākhyā, tasyāḥ bhūtaprakṛteḥ mokṣaṇam abhāvagamanaṁ ca ye viduḥ vijānanti, yānti gacchanti te paraṁ paramātmatattvaṁ brahma, na punaḥ dehaṁ ādadate ityarthaḥ ॥ 34 ॥
iti śrīmatparamahaṁsaparivrājakācāryasya śrīgovindabhagavatpūjyapādaśiṣyasya śrīmacchaṅkarabhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmadbhagavadgītābhāṣye trayodaśo'dhyāyaḥ ॥