daivī āsurī rākṣasī iti prāṇināṁ prakṛtayaḥ navame adhyāye sūcitāḥ । tāsāṁ vistareṇa pradarśanāya ‘abhayaṁ sattvasaṁśuddhiḥ’ ityādiḥ adhyāyaḥ ārabhyate । tatra saṁsāramokṣāya daivī prakṛtiḥ, nibandhāya āsurī rākṣasī ca iti daivyāḥ ādānāya pradarśanaṁ kriyate, itarayoḥ parivarjanāya ca ॥
śrībhagavānuvāca —
abhayaṁ sattvasaṁśuddhirjñānayogavyavasthitiḥ ।
dānaṁ damaśca yajñaśca svādhyāyastapa ārjavam ॥ 1 ॥
abhayam abhīrutā । sattvasaṁśuddhiḥ sattvasya antaḥkaraṇasya saṁśuddhiḥ saṁvyavahāreṣu paravañcanāmāyānṛtādiparivarjanaṁ śuddhasattvabhāvena vyavahāraḥ ityarthaḥ । jñānayogavyavasthitiḥ jñānaṁ śāstrataḥ ācāryataśca ātmādipadārthānām avagamaḥ, avagatānām indriyādyupasaṁhāreṇa ekāgratayā svātmasaṁvedyatāpādanaṁ yogaḥ, tayoḥ jñānayogayoḥ vyavasthitiḥ vyavasthānaṁ tanniṣṭhatā । eṣā pradhānā daivī sāttvikī sampat । yatra yeṣām adhikṛtānāṁ yā prakṛtiḥ sambhavati, sāttvikī sā ucyate । dānaṁ yathāśakti saṁvibhāgaḥ annādīnām । damaśca bāhyakaraṇānām upaśamaḥ ; antaḥkaraṇasya upaśamaṁ śāntiṁ vakṣyati । yajñaśca śrautaḥ agnihotrādiḥ । smārtaśca devayajñādiḥ, svādhyāyaḥ ṛgvedādyadhyayanam adṛṣṭārtham । tapaḥ vakṣyamāṇaṁ śārīrādi । ārjavam ṛjutvaṁ sarvadā ॥ 1 ॥
kiñca —
ahiṁsā satyamakrodhastyāgaḥ śāntirapaiśunam ।
dayā bhūteṣvaloluptvaṁ mārdavaṁ hrīracāpalam ॥ 2 ॥
ahiṁsā ahiṁsanaṁ prāṇināṁ pīḍāvarjanam । satyam apriyānṛtavarjitaṁ yathābhūtārthavacanam । akrodhaḥ paraiḥ ākruṣṭasya abhihatasya vā prāptasya krodhasya upaśamanam । tyāgaḥ saṁnyāsaḥ, pūrvaṁ dānasya uktatvāt । śāntiḥ antaḥkaraṇasya upaśamaḥ । apaiśunaṁ apiśunatā ; parasmai pararandhraprakaṭīkaraṇaṁ paiśunam , tadabhāvaḥ apaiśunam । dayā kṛpā bhūteṣu duḥkhiteṣu । aloluptvam indriyāṇāṁ viṣayasaṁnidhau avikriyā । mārdavaṁ mṛdutā akrauryam । hrīḥ lajjā । acāpalam asati prayojane vākpāṇipādādīnām avyāpārayitṛtvam ॥ 2 ॥
kiñca —
tejaḥ kṣamā dhṛtiḥ śaucamadroho nātimānitā ।
bhavanti sampadaṁ daivīmabhijātasya bhārata ॥ 3 ॥
tejaḥ prāgalbhyaṁ na tvaggatā dīptiḥ । kṣamā ākruṣṭasya tāḍitasya vā antarvikriyānutpattiḥ, utpannāyāṁ vikriyāyām upaśamanam akrodhaḥ iti avocāma । itthaṁ kṣamāyāḥ akrodhasya ca viśeṣaḥ । dhṛtiḥ dehendriyeṣu avasādaṁ prāpteṣu tasya pratiṣedhakaḥ antaḥkaraṇavṛttiviśeṣaḥ, yena uttambhitāni karaṇāni dehaśca na avasīdanti । śaucaṁ dvividhaṁ mṛjjalakṛtaṁ bāhyam ābhyantaraṁ ca manobuddhyoḥ nairmalyaṁ māyārāgādikāluṣyābhāvaḥ ; evaṁ dvividhaṁ śaucam । adrohaḥ parajighāṁsābhāvaḥ ahiṁsanam । nātimānitā atyarthaṁ mānaḥ atimānaḥ, saḥ yasya vidyate saḥ atimānī, tadbhāvaḥ atimānitā, tadabhāvaḥ nātimānitā ātmanaḥ pūjyatātiśayabhāvanābhāva ityarthaḥ । bhavanti abhayādīni etadantāni sampadaṁ abhijātasya । kiṁviśiṣṭāṁ sampadam ? daivīṁ devānāṁ yā sampat tām abhilakṣya jātasya devavibhūtyarhasya bhāvikalyāṇasya ityarthaḥ, he bhārata ॥ 3 ॥
atha idānīṁ āsurī sampat ucyate —
dambho darpo'timānaśca krodhaḥ pāruṣyameva ca ।
ajñānaṁ cābhijātasya pārtha sampadamāsurīm ॥ 4 ॥
dambhaḥ dharmadhvajitvam । darpaḥ vidyādhanasvajanādinimittaḥ utsekaḥ । atimānaḥ pūrvoktaḥ । krodhaśca । pāruṣyameva ca paruṣavacanam — yathā kāṇam ‘cakṣuṣmān’ virūpam ‘rūpavān’ hīnābhijanam ‘uttamābhijanaḥ’ ityādi । ajñānaṁ ca avivekajñānaṁ kartavyākartavyādiviṣayamithyāpratyayaḥ । abhijātasya pārtha । kim abhijātasyeti, āha — sampadam āsurīm asurāṇāṁ sampat āsurī tām abhijātasya ityarthaḥ ॥ 4 ॥
anayoḥ sampadoḥ kāryam ucyate —
daivī sampadvimokṣāya nibandhāyāsurī matā ।
mā śucaḥ sampadaṁ daivīmabhijāto'si pāṇḍava ॥ 5 ॥
daivī sampat yā, sā vimokṣāya saṁsārabandhanāt । nibandhāya niyataḥ bandhaḥ nibandhaḥ tadartham āsurī sampat matā abhipretā । tathā rākṣasī ca । tatra evam ukte sati arjunasya antargataṁ bhāvam ‘kim aham āsurasampadyuktaḥ ? kiṁ vā daivasampadyuktaḥ ? ’ ityevam ālocanārūpam ālakṣya āha bhagavān — mā śucaḥ śokaṁ mā kārṣīḥ । sampadaṁ daivīm abhijātaḥ asi abhilakṣya jāto'si, bhāvikalyāṇaḥ tvam asi ityarthaḥ, he pāṇḍava ॥ 5 ॥
dvau bhūtasargau loke'smindaiva āsura eva ca ।
daivo vistaraśaḥ prokta āsuraṁ pārtha me śṛṇu ॥ 6 ॥
dvau dvisaṅkhyākau bhūtasargau bhūtānāṁ manuṣyāṇāṁ sargau sṛṣṭī bhūtasargau sṛjyeteti sargau bhūtānyeva sṛjyamānāni daivāsurasampaddvayayuktāni iti dvau bhūtasargau iti ucyate,
‘dvayā ha vai prājāpatyā devāścāsurāśca’ (bṛ. u. 1 । 3 । 1) iti śruteḥ ।
loke asmin ,
saṁsāre ityarthaḥ,
sarveṣāṁ dvaividhyopapatteḥ ।
kau tau bhūtasargau iti,
ucyate —
prakṛtāveva daiva āsura eva ca ।
uktayoreva punaḥ anuvāde prayojanam āha —
daivaḥ bhūtasargaḥ ‘abhayaṁ sattvasaṁśuddhiḥ’ (bha. gī. 16 । 1) ityādinā vistaraśaḥ vistaraprakāraiḥ proktaḥ kathitaḥ,
na tu āsuraḥ vistaraśaḥ ;
ataḥ tatparivarjanārtham āsuraṁ pārtha,
me mama vacanāt ucyamānaṁ vistaraśaḥ śṛṇu avadhāraya ॥ 6 ॥
ā adhyāyaparisamāpteḥ āsurī sampat prāṇiviśeṣaṇatvena pradarśyate, pratyakṣīkaraṇena ca śakyate tasyāḥ parivarjanaṁ kartumiti —
pravṛttiṁ ca nivṛttiṁ ca janā na vidurāsurāḥ ।
na śaucaṁ nāpi cācāro na satyaṁ teṣu vidyate ॥ 7 ॥
pravṛttiṁ ca pravartanaṁ yasmin puruṣārthasādhane kartavye pravṛttiḥ tām , nivṛttiṁ ca etadviparītāṁ yasmāt anarthahetoḥ nivartitavyaṁ sā nivṛttiḥ tāṁ ca, janāḥ āsurāḥ na viduḥ na jānanti । na kevalaṁ pravṛttinivṛttī eva te na viduḥ, na śaucaṁ nāpi ca ācāraḥ na satyaṁ teṣu vidyate ; aśaucāḥ anācārāḥ māyāvinaḥ anṛtavādino hi āsurāḥ ॥ 7 ॥
kiñca —
asatyamapratiṣṭhaṁ te jagadāhuranīśvaram ।
aparasparasambhūtaṁ kimanyatkāmahaitukam ॥ 8 ॥
asatyaṁ yathā vayam anṛtaprāyāḥ tathā idaṁ jagat sarvam asatyam , apratiṣṭhaṁ ca na asya dharmādharmau pratiṣṭhā ataḥ apratiṣṭhaṁ ca, iti te āsurāḥ janāḥ jagat āhuḥ, anīśvaram na ca dharmādharmasavyapekṣakaḥ asya śāsitā īśvaraḥ vidyate iti ataḥ anīśvaraṁ jagat āhuḥ । kiñca, aparasparasambhūtaṁ kāmaprayuktayoḥ strīpuruṣayoḥ anyonyasaṁyogāt jagat sarvaṁ sambhūtam । kimanyat kāmahaitukaṁ kāmahetukameva kāmahaitukam । kimanyat jagataḥ kāraṇam ? na kiñcit adṛṣṭaṁ dharmādharmādi kāraṇāntaraṁ vidyate jagataḥ ‘kāma eva prāṇināṁ kāraṇam’ iti lokāyatikadṛṣṭiḥ iyam ॥ 8 ॥
etāṁ dṛṣṭimavaṣṭabhya naṣṭātmāno'lpabuddhayaḥ ।
prabhavantyugrakarmāṇaḥ kṣayāya jagato'hitāḥ ॥ 9 ॥
etāṁ dṛṣṭim avaṣṭabhya āśritya naṣṭātmānaḥ naṣṭasvabhāvāḥ vibhraṣṭaparalokasādhanāḥ alpabuddhayaḥ viṣayaviṣayā alpaiva buddhiḥ yeṣāṁ te alpabuddhayaḥ prabhavanti udbhavanti ugrakarmāṇaḥ krūrakarmāṇaḥ hiṁsātmakāḥ । kṣayāya jagataḥ prabhavanti iti sambandhaḥ । jagataḥ ahitāḥ, śatravaḥ ityarthaḥ ॥ 9 ॥
te ca —
kāmamāśritya duṣpūraṁ dambhamānamadānvitāḥ ।
mohādgṛhītvāsadgrāhānpravartante'śucivratāḥ ॥ 10 ॥
kāmam icchāviśeṣam āśritya avaṣṭabhya duṣpūram aśakyapūraṇaṁ dambhamānamadānvitāḥ dambhaśca mānaśca madaśca dambhamānamadāḥ taiḥ anvitāḥ dambhamānamadānvitāḥ mohāt avivekataḥ gṛhītvā upādāya asadgrāhān aśubhaniścayān pravartante loke aśucivratāḥ aśucīni vratāni yeṣāṁ te aśucivratāḥ ॥ 10 ॥
kiñca —
cintāmaparimeyāṁ ca pralayāntāmupāśritāḥ ।
kāmopabhogaparamā etāvaditi niścitāḥ ॥ 11 ॥
cintām aparimeyāṁ ca, na parimātuṁ śakyate yasyāḥ cintāyāḥ iyattā sā aparimeyā, tām aparimeyām , pralayāntāṁ maraṇāntām upāśritāḥ, sadā cintāparāḥ ityarthaḥ । kāmopabhogaparamāḥ, kāmyante iti kāmāḥ viṣayāḥ śabdādayaḥ tadupabhogaparamāḥ ‘ayameva paramaḥ puruṣārthaḥ yaḥ kāmopabhogaḥ’ ityevaṁ niścitātmānaḥ, etāvat iti niścitāḥ ॥ 11 ॥
āśāpāśaśatairbaddhāḥ kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ ।
īhante kāmabhogārthamanyāyenārthasañcayān ॥ 12 ॥
āśāpāśaśataiḥ āśā eva pāśāḥ tacchataiḥ baddhāḥ niyantritāḥ santaḥ sarvataḥ ākṛṣyamāṇāḥ, kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ kāmakrodhau param ayanam āśrayaḥ yeṣāṁ te kāmakrodhaparāyaṇāḥ, īhante ceṣṭante kāmabhogārthaṁ kāmabhogaprayojanāya na dharmārtham , anyāyena parasvāpaharaṇādinā ityarthaḥ ; kim ? arthasañcayān arthapracayān ॥ 12 ॥
īdṛśaśca teṣām abhiprāyaḥ —
idamadya mayā labdhamidaṁ prāpsye manoratham ।
idamastīdamapi me bhaviṣyati punardhanam ॥ 13 ॥
idaṁ dravyaṁ adya idānīṁ mayā labdham । idaṁ ca anyat prāpsye manorathaṁ manastuṣṭikaram । idaṁ ca asti idamapi me bhaviṣyati āgāmini saṁvatsare punaḥ dhanaṁ tena ahaṁ dhanī vikhyātaḥ bhaviṣyāmi iti ॥ 13 ॥
asau mayā hataḥ śatrurhaniṣye cāparānapi ।
īśvaro'hamahaṁ bhogī siddho'haṁ balavānsukhī ॥ 14 ॥
asau devadattanāmā mayā hataḥ durjayaḥ śatruḥ । haniṣye ca aparān anyān varākān api । kim ete kariṣyanti tapasvinaḥ ; sarvathāpi nāsti mattulyaḥ । katham ? īśvaraḥ aham , ahaṁ bhogī । sarvaprakāreṇa ca siddhaḥ ahaṁ sampannaḥ putraiḥ naptṛbhiḥ, na kevalaṁ mānuṣaḥ, balavān sukhī ca ahameva ; anye tu bhūmibhārāyāvatīrṇāḥ ॥ 14 ॥
āḍhyo'bhijanavānasmi
ko'nyo'sti sadṛśo mayā ।
yakṣye dāsyāmi modiṣya
ityajñānavimohitāḥ ॥ 15 ॥
āḍhyaḥ dhanena, abhijanavān saptapuruṣaṁ śrotriyatvādisampannaḥ — tenāpi na mama tulyaḥ asti kaścit । kaḥ anyaḥ asti sadṛśaḥ tulyaḥ mayā ? kiñca, yakṣye yāgenāpi anyān abhibhaviṣyāmi, dāsyāmi naṭādibhyaḥ, modiṣye harṣaṁ ca atiśayaṁ prāpsyāmi, iti evam ajñānavimohitāḥ ajñānena vimohitāḥ vividham avivekabhāvam āpannāḥ ॥ 15 ॥
anekacittavibhrāntā mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ ।
prasaktāḥ kāmabhogeṣu patanti narake'śucau ॥ 16 ॥
anekacittavibhrāntāḥ uktaprakāraiḥ anekaiḥ cittaiḥ vividhaṁ bhrāntāḥ anekacittavibhrāntāḥ, mohajālasamāvṛtāḥ mohaḥ avivekaḥ ajñānaṁ tadeva jālamiva āvaraṇātmakatvāt , tena samāvṛtāḥ । prasaktāḥ kāmabhogeṣu tatraiva niṣaṇṇāḥ santaḥ tena upacitakalmaṣāḥ patanti narake aśucau vaitaraṇyādau ॥ 16 ॥
ātmasambhāvitāḥ stabdhā dhanamānamadānvitāḥ ।
yajante nāmayajñaiste dambhenāvidhipūrvakam ॥ 17 ॥
ātmasambhāvitāḥ sarvaguṇaviśiṣṭatayā ātmanaiva sambhāvitāḥ ātmasambhāvitāḥ, na sādhubhiḥ । stabdhāḥ apraṇatātmānaḥ । dhanamānamadānvitāḥ dhananimittaḥ mānaḥ madaśca, tābhyāṁ dhanamānamadābhyām anvitāḥ । yajante nāmayajñaiḥ nāmamātraiḥ yajñaiḥ te dambhena dharmadhvajitayā avidhipūrvakaṁ vidhivihitāṅgetikartavyatārahitam ॥ 17 ॥
ahaṅkāraṁ balaṁ darpaṁ kāmaṁ krodhaṁ ca saṁśritāḥ ।
māmātmaparadeheṣu pradviṣanto'bhyasūyakāḥ ॥ 18 ॥
ahaṅkāraṁ ahaṅkaraṇam ahaṅkāraḥ, vidyamānaiḥ avidyamānaiśca guṇaiḥ ātmani adhyāropitaiḥ ‘viśiṣṭamātmānamaham’ iti manyate, saḥ ahaṅkāraḥ avidyākhyaḥ kaṣṭatamaḥ, sarvadoṣāṇāṁ mūlaṁ sarvānarthapravṛttīnāṁ ca, tam । tathā balaṁ parābhibhavanimittaṁ kāmarāgānvitam । darpaṁ darpo nāma yasya udbhave dharmam atikrāmati saḥ ayam antaḥkaraṇāśrayaḥ doṣaviśeṣaḥ । kāmaṁ stryādiviṣayam । krodham aniṣṭaviṣayam । etān anyāṁśca mahato doṣān saṁśritāḥ । kiñca te mām īśvaram ātmaparadeheṣu svadehe paradeheṣu ca tadbuddhikarmasākṣibhūtaṁ māṁ pradviṣantaḥ, macchāsanātivartitvaṁ pradveṣaḥ, taṁ kurvantaḥ abhyasūyakāḥ sanmārgasthānāṁ guṇeṣu asahamānāḥ ॥ 18 ॥
tānahaṁ dviṣataḥ krūrānsaṁsāreṣu narādhamān ।
kṣipāmyajasramaśubhānāsurīṣveva yoniṣu ॥ 19 ॥
tān ahaṁ sanmārgapratipakṣabhūtān sādhudveṣiṇaḥ dviṣataśca māṁ krūrān saṁsāreṣu eva anekanarakasaṁsaraṇamārgeṣu narādhamān adharmadoṣavattvāt kṣipāmi prakṣipāmi ajasraṁ santatam aśubhān aśubhakarmakāriṇaḥ āsurīṣveva krūrakarmaprāyāsu vyāghrasiṁhādiyoniṣu ‘kṣipāmi’ ityanena sambandhaḥ ॥ 19 ॥
āsurīṁ yonimāpannā
mūḍhā janmani janmani ।
māmaprāpyaiva kaunteya
tato yāntyadhamāṁ gatim ॥ 20 ॥
āsurīṁ yonim āpannāḥ pratipannāḥ mūḍhāḥ avivekinaḥ janmani janmani pratijanma tamobahulāsveva yoniṣu jāyamānāḥ adho gacchanto mūḍhāḥ mām īśvaram aprāpya anāsādya eva he kaunteya, tataḥ tasmādapi yānti adhamāṁ gatiṁ nikṛṣṭatamāṁ gatim । ‘mām aprāpyaiva’ iti na matprāptau kācidapi āśaṅkā asti, ataḥ macchiṣṭasādhumārgam aprāpya ityarthaḥ ॥ 20 ॥
sarvasyā āsuryāḥ sampadaḥ saṅkṣepaḥ ayam ucyate, yasmin trividhe sarvaḥ āsurīsampadbhedaḥ ananto'pi antarbhavati । yatparihāreṇa parihṛtaśca bhavati, yat mūlaṁ sarvasya anarthasya, tat etat ucyate —
trividhaṁ narakasyedaṁ dvāraṁ nāśanamātmanaḥ ।
kāmaḥ krodhastathā lobhastasmādetattrayaṁ tyajet ॥ 21 ॥
trividhaṁ triprakāraṁ narakasya prāptau idaṁ dvāraṁ nāśanam ātmanaḥ, yat dvāraṁ praviśanneva naśyati ātmā ; kasmaicit puruṣārthāya yogyo na bhavati ityetat , ataḥ ucyate ‘dvāraṁ nāśanamātmanaḥ’ iti । kiṁ tat ? kāmaḥ krodhaḥ tathā lobhaḥ । tasmāt etat trayaṁ tyajet । yataḥ etat dvāraṁ nāśanam ātmanaḥ tasmāt kāmāditrayametat tyajet ॥ 21 ॥
tyāgastutiriyam —
etairvimuktaḥ kaunteya tamodvāraistribhirnaraḥ ।
ācaratyātmanaḥ śreyastato yāti parāṁ gatim ॥ 22 ॥
etaiḥ vimuktaḥ kaunteya tamodvāraiḥ tamasaḥ narakasya duḥkhamohātmakasya dvārāṇi kāmādayaḥ taiḥ, etaiḥ tribhiḥ vimuktaḥ naraḥ ācarati anutiṣṭhati । kim ? ātmanaḥ śreyaḥ । yatpratibaddhaḥ pūrvaṁ na ācacāra, tadapagamāt ācarati । tataḥ tadācaraṇāt yāti parāṁ gatiṁ mokṣamapi iti ॥ 22 ॥
sarvasya etasya āsurīsampatparivarjanasya śreyaācaraṇasya ca śāstraṁ kāraṇam । śāstrapramāṇāt ubhayaṁ śakyaṁ kartum , na anyathā । ataḥ —
yaḥ śāstravidhimutsṛjya
vartate kāmakārataḥ ।
na sa siddhimavāpnoti
na sukhaṁ na parāṁ gatim ॥ 23 ॥
yaḥ śāstravidhiṁ śāstraṁ vedaḥ tasya vidhiṁ kartavyākartavyajñānakāraṇaṁ vidhipratiṣedhākhyam utsṛjya tyaktvā vartate kāmakārataḥ kāmaprayuktaḥ san , na saḥ siddhiṁ puruṣārthayogyatām avāpnoti, na api asmin loke sukhaṁ na api parāṁ prakṛṣṭāṁ gatiṁ svargaṁ mokṣaṁ vā ॥ 23 ॥
tasmācchāstraṁ pramāṇaṁ te
kāryākāryavyavasthitau ।
jñātvā śāstravidhānoktaṁ
karma kartumihārhasi ॥ 24 ॥
tasmāt śāstraṁ pramāṇaṁ jñānasādhanaṁ te tava kāryākāryavyavasthitau kartavyākartavyavyavasthāyām । ataḥ jñātvā buddhvā śāstravidhānoktaṁ vidhiḥ vidhānaṁ śāstrameva vidhānaṁ śāstravidhānam ‘kuryāt , na kuryāt’ ityevaṁlakṣaṇam , tena uktaṁ svakarma yat tat kartum iha arhasi, iha iti karmādhikārabhūmipradarśanārtham iti ॥ 24 ॥
iti śrīmatparamahaṁsaparivrājakācāryasya śrīgovindabhagavatpūjyapādaśiṣyasya śrīmacchaṅkarabhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmadbhagavadgītābhāṣye ṣoḍaśo'dhyāyaḥ ॥