arjuna uvāca —
ye śāstravidhimutsṛjya
yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ ।
teṣāṁ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa
sattvamāho rajastamaḥ ॥ 1 ॥
ye kecit aviśeṣitāḥ śāstravidhiṁ śāstravidhānaṁ śrutismṛtiśāstracodanām utsṛjya parityajya yajante devādīn pūjayanti śraddhayā anvitāḥ śraddhayā āstikyabuddhyā anvitāḥ saṁyuktāḥ santaḥ — śrutilakṣaṇaṁ smṛtilakṣaṇaṁ vā kañcit śāstravidhim apaśyantaḥ vṛddhavyavahāradarśanādeva śraddadhānatayā ye devādīn pūjayanti, te iha ‘ye śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ’ ityevaṁ gṛhyante । ye punaḥ kañcit śāstravidhiṁ upalabhamānā eva tam utsṛjya ayathāvidhi devādīn pūjayanti, te iha ‘ye śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajante’ iti na parigṛhyante । kasmāt ? śraddhayā anvitatvaviśeṣaṇāt । devādipūjāvidhiparaṁ kiñcit śāstraṁ paśyanta eva tat utsṛjya aśraddadhānatayā tadvihitāyāṁ devādipūjāyāṁ śraddhayā anvitāḥ pravartante iti na śakyaṁ kalpayituṁ yasmāt , tasmāt pūrvoktā eva ‘ye śāstravidhimutsṛjya yajante śraddhayānvitāḥ’ ityatra gṛhyante teṣām evaṁbhūtānāṁ niṣṭhā tu kā kṛṣṇa sattvam āho rajaḥ tamaḥ, kiṁ sattvaṁ niṣṭhā avasthānam , āhosvit rajaḥ, athavā tamaḥ iti । etat uktaṁ bhavati — yā teṣāṁ devādiviṣayā pūjā, sā kiṁ sāttvikī, āhosvit rājasī, uta tāmasī iti ॥ 1 ॥
sāmānyaviṣayaḥ ayaṁ praśnaḥ na apravibhajyaṁ prativacanam arhatīti śrībhagavānuvāca —
śrībhagavānuvāca —
trividhā bhavati śraddhā
dehināṁ sā svabhāvajā ।
sāttvikī rājasī caiva
tāmasī ceti tāṁ śṛṇu ॥ 2 ॥
trividhā triprakārā bhavati śraddhā, yasyāṁ niṣṭhāyāṁ tvaṁ pṛcchasi, dehināṁ śarīriṇāṁ sā svabhāvajā ; janmāntarakṛtaḥ dharmādisaṁskāraḥ maraṇakāle abhivyaktaḥ svabhāvaḥ ucyate, tato jātā svabhāvajā । sāttvikī sattvanirvṛttā devapūjādiviṣayā ; rājasī rajonirvṛttā yakṣarakṣaḥpūjādiviṣayā ; tāmasī tamonirvṛttā pretapiśācādipūjāviṣayā ; evaṁ trividhāṁ tām ucyamānāṁ śraddhāṁ śṛṇu avadhāraya ॥ 2 ॥
sā iyaṁ trividhā bhavati —
sattvānurūpā sarvasya
śraddhā bhavati bhārata ।
śraddhāmayo'yaṁ puruṣo
yo yacchraddhaḥ sa eva saḥ ॥ 3 ॥
sattvānurūpā viśiṣṭasaṁskāropetāntaḥkaraṇānurūpā sarvasya prāṇijātasya śraddhā bhavati bhārata । yadi evaṁ tataḥ kiṁ syāditi, ucyate — śraddhāmayaḥ ayaṁ śraddhāprāyaḥ puruṣaḥ saṁsārī jīvaḥ । katham ? yaḥ yacchraddhaḥ yā śraddhā yasya jīvasya saḥ yacchraddhaḥ sa eva tacchraddhānurūpa eva saḥ jīvaḥ ॥ 3 ॥
tataśca kāryeṇa liṅgena devādipūjayā sattvādiniṣṭhā anumeyā ityāha —
yajante sāttvikā devānyakṣarakṣāṁsi rājasāḥ ।
pretānbhūtagaṇāṁścānye yajante tāmasā janāḥ ॥ 4 ॥
yajante pūjayanti sāttvikāḥ sattvaniṣṭhāḥ devān , yakṣarakṣāṁsi rājasāḥ, pretān bhūtagaṇāṁśca saptamātṛkādīṁśca anye yajante tāmasāḥ janāḥ ॥ 4 ॥
evaṁ kāryato nirṇītāḥ sattvādiniṣṭhāḥ śāstravidhyutsarge । tatra kaścideva sahasreṣu devapūjādiparaḥ sattvaniṣṭho bhavati, bāhulyena tu rajoniṣṭhāḥ tamoniṣṭhāścaiva prāṇino bhavanti । katham ? —
aśāstravihitaṁ ghoraṁ tapyante ye tapo janāḥ ।
dambhāhaṅkārasaṁyuktāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ ॥ 5 ॥
aśāstravihitaṁ na śāstravihitam aśāstravihitaṁ ghoraṁ pīḍākaraṁ prāṇinām ātmanaśca tapaḥ tapyante nirvartayanti ye janāḥ te ca dambhāhaṅkārasaṁyuktāḥ, dambhaśca ahaṅkāraśca dambhāhaṅkārau, tābhyāṁ saṁyuktāḥ dambhāhaṅkārasaṁyuktāḥ, kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ kāmaśca rāgaśca kāmarāgau tatkṛtaṁ balaṁ kāmarāgabalaṁ tena anvitāḥ kāmarāgabalānvitāḥ ॥ 5 ॥
karśayantaḥ śarīrasthaṁ
bhūtagrāmamacetasaḥ ।
māṁ caivāntaḥśarīrasthaṁ
tānviddhyāsuraniścayān ॥ 6 ॥
karśayantaḥ kṛśīkurvantaḥ śarīrasthaṁ bhūtagrāmaṁ karaṇasamudāyam acetasaḥ avivekinaḥ māṁ caiva tatkarmabuddhisākṣibhūtam antaḥśarīrasthaṁ nārāyaṇaṁ karśayantaḥ, madanuśāsanākaraṇameva matkarśanam , tān viddhi āsuraniścayān āsuro niścayo yeṣāṁ te āsuraniścayāḥ tān pariharaṇārthaṁ viddhi iti upadeśaḥ ॥ 6 ॥
āhārāṇāṁ ca rasyasnigdhādivargatrayarūpeṇa bhinnānāṁ yathākramaṁ sāttvikarājasatāmasapuruṣapriyatvadarśanam iha kriyate rasyasnigdhādiṣu āhāraviśeṣeṣu ātmanaḥ prītyatirekeṇa liṅgena sāttvikatvaṁ rājasatvaṁ tāmasatvaṁ ca buddhvā rajastamoliṅgānām āhārāṇāṁ parivarjanārthaṁ sattvaliṅgānāṁ ca upādānārtham । tathā yajñādīnāmapi sattvādiguṇabhedena trividhatvapratipādanam iha ‘rājasatāmasān buddhvā kathaṁ nu nāma parityajet , sāttvikāneva anutiṣṭhet’ ityevamartham । āha —
āhārastvapi sarvasya trividho bhavati priyaḥ ।
yajñastapastathā dānaṁ teṣāṁ bhedamimaṁ śṛṇu ॥ 7 ॥
āhārastvapi sarvasya bhoktuḥ prāṇinaḥ trividho bhavati priyaḥ iṣṭaḥ, tathā yajñaḥ, tathā tapaḥ, tathā dānam । teṣām āhārādīnāṁ bhedam imaṁ vakṣyamāṇaṁ śṛṇu ॥ 7 ॥
āyuḥsattvabalārogyasukhaprītivivardhanāḥ ।
rasyāḥ snigdhāḥ sthirā hṛdyā āhārāḥ sāttvikapriyāḥ ॥ 8 ॥
āyuśca sattvaṁ ca balaṁ ca ārogyaṁ ca sukhaṁ ca prītiśca āyuḥsattvabalārogyasukhaprītayaḥ tāsāṁ vivardhanāḥ āyuḥsattvabalārogyasukhaprītivivardhanāḥ, te ca rasyāḥ rasopetāḥ, snigdhāḥ snehavantaḥ, sthirāḥ cirakālasthāyinaḥ dehe, hṛdyāḥ hṛdayapriyāḥ āhārāḥ sāttvikapriyāḥ sāttvikasya iṣṭāḥ ॥ 8 ॥
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ ।
āhārā rājasasyeṣṭā duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ ॥ 9 ॥
kaṭvamlalavaṇātyuṣṇatīkṣṇarūkṣavidāhinaḥ ityatra atiśabdaḥ kaṭvādiṣu sarvatra yojyaḥ, atikaṭuḥ atitīkṣṇaḥ ityevam । kaṭuśca amlaśca lavaṇaśca atyuṣṇaśca tīkṣṇaśca rūkṣaśca vidāhī ca te āhārāḥ rājasasya iṣṭāḥ, duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ duḥkhaṁ ca śokaṁ ca āmayaṁ ca prayacchantīti duḥkhaśokāmayapradāḥ ॥ 9 ॥
yātayāmaṁ gatarasaṁ pūti paryuṣitaṁ ca yat ।
ucchiṣṭamapi cāmedhyaṁ bhojanaṁ tāmasapriyam ॥ 10 ॥
yātayāmaṁ mandapakvam , nirvīryasya gatarasaśabdena uktatvāt । gatarasaṁ rasaviyuktam , pūti durgandhi, paryuṣitaṁ ca pakvaṁ sat rātryantaritaṁ ca yat , ucchiṣṭamapi bhuktaśiṣṭam ucchiṣṭam , amedhyam ayajñārham , bhojanam īdṛśaṁ tāmasapriyam ॥ 10 ॥
atha idānīṁ yajñaḥ trividhaḥ ucyate —
aphalākāṅkṣibhiryajño vidhidṛṣṭo ya ijyate ।
yaṣṭavyameveti manaḥ samādhāya sa sāttvikaḥ ॥ 11 ॥
aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ aphalārthibhiḥ yajñaḥ vidhidṛṣṭaḥ śāstracodanādṛṣṭo yaḥ yajñaḥ ijyate nirvartyate, yaṣṭavyameveti yajñasvarūpanirvartanameva kāryam iti manaḥ samādhāya, na anena puruṣārtho mama kartavyaḥ ityevaṁ niścitya, saḥ sāttvikaḥ yajñaḥ ucyate ॥ 11 ॥
abhisandhāya tu phalaṁ dambhārthamapi caiva yat ।
ijyate bharataśreṣṭha taṁ yajñaṁ viddhi rājasam ॥ 12 ॥
abhisandhāya tu uddiśya phalaṁ dambhārthamapi caiva yat ijyate bharataśreṣṭha taṁ yajñaṁ viddhi rājasam ॥ 12 ॥
vidhihīnamasṛṣṭānnaṁ mantrahīnamadakṣiṇam ।
śraddhāvirahitaṁ yajñaṁ tāmasaṁ paricakṣate ॥ 13 ॥
vidhihīnaṁ yathācoditaviparītam , asṛṣṭānnaṁ brāhmaṇebhyo na sṛṣṭaṁ na dattam annaṁ yasmin yajñe saḥ asṛṣṭānnaḥ tam asṛṣṭānnam , mantrahīnaṁ mantrataḥ svarato varṇato vā viyuktaṁ mantrahīnam , adakṣiṇam uktadakṣiṇārahitam , śraddhāvirahitaṁ yajñaṁ tāmasaṁ paricakṣate tamonirvṛttaṁ kathayanti ॥ 13 ॥
atha idānīṁ tapaḥ trividham ucyate —
devadvijaguruprājñapūjanaṁ śaucamārjavam ।
brahmacaryamahiṁsā ca śārīraṁ tapa ucyate ॥ 14 ॥
devāśca dvijāśca guravaśca prājñāśca devadvijaguruprājñāḥ teṣāṁ pūjanaṁ devadvijaguruprājñapūjanam ,
śaucam ,
ārjavam ṛjutvam ,
brahmacaryam ahiṁsā ca śarīranirvartyaṁ śārīraṁ śarīrapradhānaiḥ sarvaireva kāryakaraṇaiḥ kartrādibhiḥ sādhyaṁ śārīraṁ tapaḥ ucyate ।
‘pañcaite tasya hetavaḥ’ (bha. gī. 18 । 15) iti hi vakṣyati ॥ 14 ॥
anudvegakaraṁ vākyaṁ satyaṁ priyahitaṁ ca yat ।
svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ caiva vāṅmayaṁ tapa ucyate ॥ 15 ॥
anudvegakaraṁ prāṇinām aduḥkhakaraṁ vākyaṁ satyaṁ priyahitaṁ ca yat priyahite dṛṣṭādṛṣṭārthe । anudvegakaratvādibhiḥ dharmaiḥ vākyaṁ viśeṣyate । viśeṣaṇadharmasamuccayārthaḥ ca—śabdaḥ । parapratyayārthaṁ prayuktasya vākyasya satyapriyahitānudvegakaratvānām anyatamena dvābhyāṁ tribhirvā hīnatā syādyadi, na tadvāṅmayaṁ tapaḥ । tathā satyavākyasya itareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṁ tribhirvā vihīnatāyāṁ na vāṅmayatapastvam । tathā priyavākyasyāpi itareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṁ tribhirvā vihīnasya na vāṅmayatapastvam । tathā hitavākyasyāpi itareṣām anyatamena dvābhyāṁ tribhirvā vihīnasya na vāṅmayatapastvam । kiṁ punaḥ tat tapaḥ ? yat satyaṁ vākyam anudvegakaraṁ priyaṁ hitaṁ ca, tat tapaḥ vāṅmayam ; yathā ‘śānto bhava vatsa, svādhyāyaṁ yogaṁ ca anutiṣṭha, tathā te śreyo bhaviṣyati’ iti । svādhyāyābhyasanaṁ caiva yathāvidhi vāṅmayaṁ tapaḥ ucyate ॥ 15 ॥
manaḥprasādaḥ saumyatvaṁ maunamātmavinigrahaḥ ।
bhāvasaṁśuddhirityetattapo mānasamucyate ॥ 16 ॥
manaḥprasādaḥ manasaḥ praśāntiḥ, svacchatāpādanaṁ prasādaḥ, saumyatvaṁ yat saumanasyam āhuḥ — mukhādiprasādādikāryonneyā antaḥkaraṇasya vṛttiḥ । maunaṁ vāṅniyamo'pi manaḥsaṁyamapūrvako bhavati iti kāryeṇa kāraṇam ucyate manaḥsaṁyamo maunamiti । ātmavinigrahaḥ manonirodhaḥ sarvataḥ sāmānyarūpaḥ ātmavinigrahaḥ, vāgviṣayasyaiva manasaḥ saṁyamaḥ maunam iti viśeṣaḥ । bhāvasaṁśuddhiḥ paraiḥ vyavahārakāle amāyāvitvaṁ bhāvasaṁśuddhiḥ । ityetat tapaḥ mānasam ucyate ॥ 16 ॥
yathoktaṁ kāyikaṁ vācikaṁ mānasaṁ ca tapaḥ taptaṁ naraiḥ sattvādiguṇabhedena kathaṁ trividhaṁ bhavatīti, ucyate —
śraddhayā parayā taptaṁ tapastattrividhaṁ naraiḥ ।
aphalakāṅkṣibhiryuktaiḥ sāttvikaṁ paricakṣate ॥ 17 ॥
śraddhayā āstikyabuddhyā parayā prakṛṣṭayā taptam anuṣṭhitaṁ tapaḥ tat prakṛtaṁ trividhaṁ triprakāraṁ tryadhiṣṭhānaṁ naraiḥ anuṣṭhātṛbhiḥ aphalākāṅkṣibhiḥ phalākāṅkṣārahitaiḥ yuktaiḥ samāhitaiḥ — yat īdṛśaṁ tapaḥ, tat sāttvikaṁ sattvanirvṛttaṁ paricakṣate kathayanti śiṣṭāḥ ॥ 17 ॥
satkāramānapūjārthaṁ tapo dambhena caiva yat ।
kriyate tadiha proktaṁ rājasaṁ calamadhruvam ॥ 18 ॥
satkāraḥ sādhukāraḥ ‘sādhuḥ ayaṁ tapasvī brāhmaṇaḥ’ ityevamartham , māno mānanaṁ pratyutthānābhivādanādiḥ tadartham , pūjā pādaprakṣālanārcanāśayitṛtvādiḥ tadarthaṁ ca tapaḥ satkāramānapūjārtham , dambhena caiva yat kriyate tapaḥ tat iha proktaṁ kathitaṁ rājasaṁ calaṁ kādācitkaphalatvena adhruvam ॥ 18 ॥
mūḍhagrāheṇātmano yatpīḍayā kriyate tapaḥ ।
parasyotsādanārthaṁ vā tattāmasamudāhṛtam ॥ 19 ॥
mūḍhagrāheṇa avivekaniścayena ātmanaḥ pīḍayā yat kriyate tapaḥ parasya utsādanārthaṁ vināśārthaṁ vā, tat tāmasaṁ tapaḥ udāhṛtam ॥ 19 ॥
idānīṁ dānatraividhyam ucyate —
dātavyamiti yaddānaṁ
dīyate'nupakāriṇe ।
deśe kāle ca pātre ca
taddānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam ॥ 20 ॥
dātavyamiti evaṁ manaḥ kṛtvā yat dānaṁ dīyate anupakāriṇe pratyupakārāsamarthāya, samarthāyāpi nirapekṣaṁ dīyate, deśe puṇye kurukṣetrādau, kāle saṅkrāntyādau, pātre ca ṣaḍaṅgavidvedapāraga ityādau, tat dānaṁ sāttvikaṁ smṛtam ॥ 20 ॥
yattu pratyupakārārthaṁ
phalamuddiśya vā punaḥ ।
dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ
taddānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam ॥ 21 ॥
yattu dānaṁ pratyupakārārthaṁ kāle tu ayaṁ māṁ pratyupakariṣyati ityevamartham , phalaṁ vā asya dānasya me bhaviṣyati adṛṣṭam iti, tat uddiśya punaḥ dīyate ca parikliṣṭaṁ khedasaṁyuktam , tat dānaṁ rājasaṁ smṛtam ॥ 21 ॥
adeśakāle yaddānamapātrebhyaśca dīyate ।
asatkṛtamavajñātaṁ tattāmasamudāhṛtam ॥ 22 ॥
adeśakāle adeśe apuṇyadeśe mlecchāśucyādisaṅkīrṇe akāle puṇyahetutvena aprakhyāte saṅkrāntyādiviśeṣarahite apātrebhyaśca mūrkhataskarādibhyaḥ, deśādisampattau vā asatkṛtaṁ priyavacanapādaprakṣālanapūjādirahitam avajñātaṁ pātraparibhavayuktaṁ ca yat dānam , tat tāmasam udāhṛtam ॥ 22 ॥
yajñadānatapaḥprabhṛtīnāṁ sādguṇyakaraṇāya ayam upadeśaḥ ucyate —
oṁ tatsaditi nirdeśo brahmaṇastrividhaḥ smṛtaḥ ।
brāhmaṇāstena vedāśca yajñāśca vihitāḥ purā ॥ 23 ॥
oṁ tat sat iti evaṁ nirdeśaḥ, nirdiśyate aneneti nirdeśaḥ, trividho nāmanirdeśaḥ brahmaṇaḥ smṛtaḥ cintitaḥ vedānteṣu brahmavidbhiḥ । brāhmaṇāḥ tena nirdeśena trividhena vedāśca yajñāśca vihitāḥ nirmitāḥ purā pūrvam iti nirdeśastutyartham ucyate ॥ 23 ॥
tasmādomityudāhṛtya yajñadānatapaḥkriyāḥ ।
pravartante vidhānoktāḥ satataṁ brahmavādinām ॥ 24 ॥
tasmāt ‘om iti udāhṛtya’ uccārya yajñadānatapaḥkriyāḥ yajñādisvarūpāḥ kriyāḥ pravartante vidhānoktāḥ śāstracoditāḥ satataṁ sarvadā brahmavādināṁ brahmavadanaśīlānām ॥ 24 ॥
tadityanabhisandhāya
phalaṁ yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ ।
dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ
kriyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ ॥ 25 ॥
tat iti anabhisandhāya, ‘tat’ iti brahmābhidhānam uccārya anabhisandhāya ca yajñādikarmaṇaḥ phalaṁ yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ yajñakriyāśca tapaḥkriyāśca yajñatapaḥkriyāḥ dānakriyāśca vividhāḥ kṣetrahiraṇyapradānādilakṣaṇāḥ kriyante nirvartyante mokṣakāṅkṣibhiḥ mokṣārthibhiḥ mumukṣubhiḥ ॥ 25 ॥
ontacchabdayoḥ viniyogaḥ uktaḥ । atha idānīṁ sacchabdasya viniyogaḥ kathyate —
sadbhāve sādhubhāve ca sadityetatprayujyate ।
praśaste karmaṇi tathā sacchabdaḥ pārtha yujyate ॥ 26 ॥
sadbhāve, asataḥ sadbhāve yathā avidyamānasya putrasya janmani, tathā sādhubhāve ca asadvṛttasya asādhoḥ sadvṛttatā sādhubhāvaḥ tasmin sādhubhāve ca sat ityetat abhidhānaṁ brahmaṇaḥ prayujyate abhidhīyate । praśaste karmaṇi vivāhādau ca tathā sacchabdaḥ pārtha, yujyate prayujyate ityetat ॥ 26 ॥
yajñe tapasi dāne ca sthitiḥ saditi cocyate ।
karma caiva tadarthīyaṁ sadityevābhidhīyate ॥ 27 ॥
yajñe yajñakarmaṇi yā sthitiḥ, tapasi ca yā sthitiḥ, dāne ca yā sthitiḥ, sā sat iti ca ucyate vidvadbhiḥ । karma ca eva tadarthīyaṁ yajñadānataporthīyam ; athavā, yasya abhidhānatrayaṁ prakṛtaṁ tadarthīyaṁ yajñadānataporthīyam īśvarārthīyam ityetat ; sat ityeva abhidhīyate । tat etat yajñadānatapaādi karma asāttvikaṁ viguṇamapi śraddhāpūrvakaṁ brahmaṇaḥ abhidhānatrayaprayogeṇa saguṇaṁ sāttvikaṁ sampāditaṁ bhavati ॥ 27 ॥
tatra ca sarvatra śraddhāpradhānatayā sarvaṁ sampādyate yasmāt , tasmāt —
aśraddhayā hutaṁ dattaṁ tapastaptaṁ kṛtaṁ ca yat ।
asadityucyate pārtha na ca tatpretya no iha ॥ 28 ॥
aśraddhayā hutaṁ havanaṁ kṛtam , aśraddhayā dattaṁ brāhmaṇebhyaḥ, aśraddhayā tapaḥ taptam anuṣṭhitam , tathā aśraddhayaiva kṛtaṁ yat stutinamaskārādi, tat sarvam asat iti ucyate, matprāptisādhanamārgabāhyatvāt pārtha । na ca tat bahulāyāsamapi pretya phalāya no api ihārtham , sādhubhiḥ ninditatvāt iti ॥ 28 ॥
iti śrīmatparamahaṁsaparivrājakācāryasya śrīgovindabhagavatpūjyapādaśiṣyasya śrīmacchaṅkarabhagavataḥ kṛtau śrīmadbhagavadgītābhāṣye saptadaśo'dhyāyaḥ ॥